Self-reported tobacco use and urine cotinine levels in persons with schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 185-187
Author(s):  
Banu Manickam Rajalu ◽  
Deepak Jayarajan ◽  
Krishna Prasad Muliyala ◽  
Priyamvada Sharma ◽  
Sailaxmi Gandhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Urine Cotinine ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Snuff Use, and its Association With Tuberculosis, Among Women Living With HIV in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L Elf ◽  
Ebrahim Variava ◽  
Sandy Chon ◽  
Limakatso Lebina ◽  
Katlego Motlhaoleng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Adjusted Analysis ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Urine Cotinine ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Introduction A higher proportion of people living with HIV (PLWH) smoke compared to the general population, but little information exists about the prevalence and correlates of smokeless tobacco use among PLWH. In South Africa, dry powdered tobacco is inhaled nasally as snuff. Methods A cross-sectional survey among PLWH attending three HIV clinics was conducted. Snuff use was assessed via self-report and urine cotinine. Results Given the low (3%) prevalence of snuff use among men, analysis was restricted to n = 606 nonsmoking women living with HIV. Half (n = 298, 49%) were snuff users, the majority of whom (n = 244, 84%) had a positive urine cotinine test. In adjusted analysis, snuff use was negatively associated with higher education (relative risk [RR] 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39, 0.77) and mobile phone ownership (RR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.98), and positively associated with ever having tuberculosis (TB) (RR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.45). In adjusted analysis, with current TB as the outcome, snuff use was marginally statistically significantly associated with a twofold increase in odds of a current TB diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 1.99; 95% CI: 0.98, 4.15). Discussion A high proportion of nonsmoking South African women living with HIV use snuff, which was a risk factor for TB. Additional research is needed to understand the relationship between snuff, TB, and other potential health risks. Implications PLWH have a higher prevalence of smoking than their seronegative peers, but there is a paucity of research on smokeless tobacco use in this population, especially in low-resource settings. TB is the leading cause of death among PLWH, and with improvements to HIV treatment and care, PLWH are at greater risk of tobacco-related diseases. We report an extremely high prevalence of snuff use among women living with HIV in South Africa. Further, in this population snuff use is positively associated with ever having a TB diagnosis, as well as currently having TB.

scholarly journals Perinatal Biochemical Confirmation of Smoking Status by Trimester

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Ashford ◽  
Amanda Wiggins ◽  
Emily Rayens ◽  
Sara Assef ◽  
Amanda Fallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Prenatal Smoking ◽  
Urine Cotinine ◽  
Biochemical Validation ◽  
Misclassification Rates

Abstract Introduction: Tobacco use during pregnancy is the most modifiable risk factor associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Self-reported tobacco use has been demonstrated to have high misclassification rates. The aims were to examine misclassification rates of perinatal tobacco use during each trimester of pregnancy and 8 weeks postpartum, and to evaluate characteristics associated with misclassification of tobacco use status. Methods: This is secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter trial of pregnant women, and it includes participants who were biochemically identified as tobacco users during their first trimester (N = 103). Each trimester and once postpartum, tobacco use was assessed via self-report and validated using a cutoff of 100 ng/mL for urine cotinine via NicAlert test strips to indicate current use. Those who self-reported as nonusers but were identified as users via urine cotinine were considered misclassified; misclassification rates were determined for each time period. Logistic regression assessed maternal factors associated with misclassification status. Results: Misclassification rates declined from 35.0% at first trimester to 31.9% and 26.6% at the second and third; the postpartum rate was 30.4%. These rates did not differ significantly from each other at the 0.05 level. Race/ethnicity was associated with misclassification status; white/non-Hispanic women were 87% less likely to be misclassified (p < .001). Conclusion: Misclassification of prenatal smoking status decreases as pregnancy progresses, though the observed rate change was not significant. Minority women may be at particular risk for non-disclosure of tobacco use. Biochemical validation should be considered when assessing perinatal tobacco use via self-report, given high misclassification rates throughout the perinatal period. Implications: These results demonstrate that regardless of trimester, more than one-quarter of tobacco-using pregnant women may not disclose tobacco use throughout pregnancy and early postpartum. Although the rate of misclassification decreased from first to third trimester and then increased in the immediate postpartum, these changes in misclassification rates were not significant. Minority groups may be at particular risk of misclassification compared with white/non-Hispanic women. Biochemical validation is warranted throughout pregnancy to encourage cessation as tobacco use is one of the most easily-modified risk factors for poor birth outcomes.

A Controlled Trial of a Quit and Win Contest

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen J. Hahn ◽  
Mary Kay Rayens ◽  
Todd A. Warnick ◽  
Costel Chirila ◽  
Robert T. Rasnake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Media Campaign ◽  
Urine Cotinine ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. To evaluate the impact of a state-of-the-art Quit and Win contest on tobacco quit rates at 3, 6, and 12 months after the 30-day quit period. Design. Quasi-experimental with a volunteer sample of 494 Quit and Win contest registrants (treatment group) and 512 randomly selected tobacco users not exposed to the promotional media campaign (control group). Intervention included a 30-day quit period to be eligible for large cash prizes; provider advice via weekly mailings; online and telephone quit assistance; media campaign; and community support. Setting. Community-based intervention in Kentucky. Subjects. A total of 1006 adult tobacco users. Measures. Quit rates were measured using 7-day point prevalence for tobacco use. Urine cotinine measurements confirmed self-reported quitting. Results. Treatment group participants were significantly more likely than controls to experience quitting during the 1-year follow-up, as determined by both self-report and urine confirmation. After adjusting for baseline differences in demographics, tobacco use, and stage of change, those in the treatment group had 2.6 times the odds of reporting quitting in the postintervention period and 5.3 times the odds of experiencing quitting confirmed by urine cotinine, relative to controls. Women, minorities, and low-income tobacco users had equal odds of quitting as men, whites, and those with higher incomes. Conclusions. That the contest was minimally intensive and yielded a relatively high quit rate demonstrates the potential effectiveness of the intervention.

Association of Urine Cotinine and Self-Reported Tobacco Use With Birth Outcomes in an Appalachian Population [166]

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 56S-57S
Author(s):  
Byron C. Calhoun ◽  
Johanna Lucy Cook ◽  
Christine Moore ◽  
Dara J. Seybold ◽  
Mike Broce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Urine Cotinine

scholarly journals Assessing tobacco use in an African population: Serum and urine cotinine cut-offs from South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Ware ◽  
Karen Charlton ◽  
Ruan Kruger ◽  
Yolandi Breet ◽  
Johannes van Rooyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
African Population ◽  
Urine Cotinine ◽  
Serum And Urine

The self and schizophrenia: a cognitive approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Nieznanski
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Self Schema ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Trait Words ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Normal Controls

The aim of the study was to explore the basic features of self-schema in persons with schizophrenia. Thirty two schizophrenic patients and 32 normal controls were asked to select personality trait words from a check-list that described themselves, themselves as they were five years ago, and what most people are like. Compared with the control group, participants from the experimental group chose significantly more adjectives that were common to descriptions of self and others, and significantly less that were common to self and past-self descriptions. These results suggest that schizophrenic patients experience their personality as changing over time much more than do healthy subjects. Moreover, their self-representation seems to be less differentiated from others-representation and less clearly defined than in normal subjects.

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