13 – Early evidence of cerebral grey matter volume changed after treatment in neuroleptic naïve, newly diagnosed schizophrenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Y. Deng ◽  
H.S. Merali ◽  
C. Cheung ◽  
E.Y.H. Chen ◽  
V. Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Cerebral Grey Matter

A naturalistic study of grey matter volume increase after early treatment in anti-psychotic naïve, newly diagnosed schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 206 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Y. Deng ◽  
Gráinne M. McAlonan ◽  
Charlton Cheung ◽  
Cindy P. Y. Chiu ◽  
Chi W. Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Treatment ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Anti Psychotic ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Matter Volume

Social cognition and brain organization in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Hopkins ◽  
Cheryl D. Stimpson ◽  
Chet C. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Pan Paniscus ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Cognition Sociale

Bonobos and chimpanzees are two closely relates species of the genus Pan, yet they exhibit marked differences in anatomy, behaviour and cognition. For this reason, comparative studies on social behaviour, cognition and brain organization between these two species provide important insights into evolutionary models of human origins. This chapter summarizes studies on socio-communicative competencies and social cognition in chimpanzees and bonobos from the authors’ laboratory in comparison to previous reports. Additionally, recent data on species differences and similarities in brain organization in grey matter volume and distribution is presented. Some preliminary findings on microstructural brain organization such as neuropil space and cellular distribution in key neurotransmitters and neuropeptides involved in social behaviour and cognition is presented. Though these studies are in their infancy, the findings point to potentially important differences in brain organization that may underlie bonobo and chimpanzees’ differences in social behaviour, communication and cognition. Les bonobos et les chimpanzés sont deux espèces du genus Pan prochement liées, néanmoins ils montrent des différences anatomiques, comportementales et cognitives marquées. Pour cette raison, les études comparatives sur le comportement social, la cognition et l’organisation corticale entre ces deux espèces fournissent des idées sur les modèles évolutionnaires des origines humaines. Dans ce chapitre, nous résumons des études sur les compétences socio-communicatives et la cognition sociale chez les chimpanzés et les bonobos de notre laboratoire en comparaison avec des rapports précédents. En plus, nous présentons des données récentes sur les différences et similarités d’organisation corticale du volume et distribution de la matière grise entre espèces. Nous présentons plus de résultats préliminaires sur l’organisation corticale microstructurale comme l’espace neuropile et la division cellulaire dans des neurotransmetteurs clés et les neuropeptides impliqués dans le comportement social et la cognition. Bien que ces études sont dans leur enfance, les résultats montrent des différences d’organisation corticale importantes qui sont à la base des différences de comportement social, la communication et la cognition entre les bonobos et les chimpanzés.

scholarly journals Modelling the cascade of biomarker changes in GRN-related frontotemporal dementia

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-323541
Author(s):  
Jessica L Panman ◽  
Vikram Venkatraghavan ◽  
Emma L van der Ende ◽  
Rebecca M E Steketee ◽  
Lize C Jiskoot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Individual Disease

ObjectiveProgranulin-related frontotemporal dementia (FTD-GRN) is a fast progressive disease. Modelling the cascade of multimodal biomarker changes aids in understanding the aetiology of this disease and enables monitoring of individual mutation carriers. In this cross-sectional study, we estimated the temporal cascade of biomarker changes for FTD-GRN, in a data-driven way.MethodsWe included 56 presymptomatic and 35 symptomatic GRN mutation carriers, and 35 healthy non-carriers. Selected biomarkers were neurofilament light chain (NfL), grey matter volume, white matter microstructure and cognitive domains. We used discriminative event-based modelling to infer the cascade of biomarker changes in FTD-GRN and estimated individual disease severity through cross-validation. We derived the biomarker cascades in non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) and behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD) to understand the differences between these phenotypes.ResultsLanguage functioning and NfL were the earliest abnormal biomarkers in FTD-GRN. White matter tracts were affected before grey matter volume, and the left hemisphere degenerated before the right. Based on individual disease severities, presymptomatic carriers could be delineated from symptomatic carriers with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96.1%. The estimated disease severity strongly correlated with functional severity in nfvPPA, but not in bvFTD. In addition, the biomarker cascade in bvFTD showed more uncertainty than nfvPPA.ConclusionDegeneration of axons and language deficits are indicated to be the earliest biomarkers in FTD-GRN, with bvFTD being more heterogeneous in disease progression than nfvPPA. Our data-driven model could help identify presymptomatic GRN mutation carriers at risk of conversion to the clinical stage.

Cerebellar Grey Matter Volume in Older Persons Is Associated with Worse Cognitive Functioning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Buhrmann ◽  
A. M. A. Brands ◽  
J. van der Grond ◽  
C. Schilder ◽  
R. C. van der Mast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

Plasma vitamin C, cholesterol and homocysteine are associated with grey matter volume determined by MRI in non-demented old people

2003 ◽  
Vol 341 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Whalley ◽  
R.T. Staff ◽  
A.D. Murray ◽  
S.J. Duthie ◽  
A.R. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Old People ◽  
Matter Volume
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