scholarly journals Road and intermodal transport performance: the impact of operational costs and air pollution external costs

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mostert ◽  
A. Caris ◽  
S. Limbourg
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Intermodal Transport ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Contribution from the ten major emission sectors in Europe and Denmark to the health-cost externalities of air pollution using the EVA model system – an integrated modelling approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 7725-7746 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brandt ◽  
J. D. Silver ◽  
J. H. Christensen ◽  
M. S. Andersen ◽  
J. H. Bønløkke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Model System ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Major Power ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. We have developed an integrated model system, EVA (Economic Valuation of Air pollution), based on the impact-pathway chain, to assess the health-related economic externalities of air pollution resulting from specific emission sources or sectors, which can be used to support policy-making with respect to emission control. Central for the system is a newly developed tagging method capable of calculating the contribution from a specific emission source or sector to the overall air pollution levels, taking into account the non-linear atmospheric chemistry. The main objective of this work is to identify the anthropogenic emission sources in Europe and Denmark that contribute the most to human health impacts. In this study, we applied the EVA system to Europe and Denmark, with a detailed analysis of health-related external costs from the ten major emission sectors and their relative contributions. The paper contains a thorough description of the EVA system, the main results from the assessment of the main contributors and a discussion of the most important atmospheric chemical reactions relevant for interpreting the results. The main conclusion from the analysis is that the major contributors to health-related external costs are major power production, agriculture, road traffic, and non-industrial domestic combustion, including wood combustion. We conclude that when regulating the emissions of ammonia from the agricultural sector, both the impacts on nature and on human health should be taken into account. This study confirms that air pollution constitutes a serious problem for human health and that the related external costs are considerable. The results in this work emphasize the importance of defining the right questions in the decision-making process. The results from assessing the impacts from each emission sector depend clearly on the assumption that the other emission sectors are not changed, especially emissions changing concentrations of atmospheric OH and therefore lifetimes of other chemical species.

scholarly journals How to achieve less emissions from freight transport in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Vierth ◽  
Rune Karlsson ◽  
Tobias Linde ◽  
Kevin Cullinane
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
User Fees ◽  
Road User ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modal Split ◽  
The Impact

Purpose For the case of Sweden, this paper aims to determine how a range of different infrastructure fees and taxes influences modal split, port throughputs, air emissions, societal costs of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollution, as well as logistics costs. Design/methodology/approach The Swedish national freight model is used to simulate a range of different proposed infrastructure fees, one by one and in combination. The volume of emissions of CO2-equivalents, NOx, SOx and PM under the different scenarios is calculated in both volume and monetary terms, by applying national emission factors and EU values for external costs. Findings Road user fees are calculated to have the largest impact on the modal split, GHG emissions and air pollution. The impact increases slightly when road user fees are combined with higher fees for sea and rail and/or gate fees in all Swedish ports. The imposition of gate fees over €30 per truck in all ports leads to shifts in cargo to land-based modes and to ports outside Sweden. The logistics costs in Sweden are found to be three to ten times higher than the benefits of reduced GHG emissions and air pollution, although other benefits to society need to be considered as well. Research limitations/implications Methods which attempt to evaluate alternative approaches to the internalisation of the external costs caused by transport need to be further developed. In particular, they need to encompass a more holistic perspective on “benefits to society”, other than merely reductions in GHG emissions and air pollution. To facilitate international acceptance and adoption, such methods require agreements to be reached on common definitions and routines. Practical implications The results can be used as basis for policy-making. They illustrate the environmental impacts of the fees and taxes one by one and in combination and to what extent these reinforce each other and should be co-ordinated. Social implications The outcomes are relevant to national and international policymakers and authorities, as well as port authorities, shippers and transport companies who need to determine unilateral strategies on how to reduce GHG emissions and air pollution, without undermining their wider business objectives. Originality/value The approach is original in facilitating the testing of policies which impact on the transport system and the environment across different dimensions. The work has additional value in informing policy because of its use of Sweden’s national freight transport model.

scholarly journals The Health Impact and External Cost of Electricity Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8263
Author(s):  
Janusz Zyśk ◽  
Artur Wyrwa ◽  
Marcin Pluta ◽  
Tadeusz Olkuski ◽  
Wojciech Suwała ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Impact Pathway ◽  
The Impact

The use of fossil fuels, which still dominate global primary energy consumption, results not only in emissions of greenhouse gas but also in emissions of pollutants such as SO2, NOx, and PM. Damage caused by air pollution can be expressed in monetary terms in the form of external costs to society. The goal of this paper is to answer the following questions: How much will the energy sector’s emissions change as a result of decarbonization? What is the estimated level of external costs related to human health in future energy scenarios? How large are the estimated external costs compared to the planned investments in this sector? The study conducted for the period 2018–2050 used the impact pathway approach and covered the centralized power and heat generation sector in Poland. The reported values of the concentration–response functions that relate human exposure to air pollution with health impact were reviewed. The results show that external costs decrease from an estimated annual level in the range of EUR 782–1911 million in 2018 to EUR 36–876 million in 2050. The cumulative value of avoided external costs between 2018 and 2050 is significantly lower than the planned capital expenditures in the energy sector in Poland.

scholarly journals Contribution from the ten major emission sectors in Europe and Denmark to the health-cost externalities of air pollution using the EVA model system – an integrated modelling approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5871-5922 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brandt ◽  
J. D. Silver ◽  
J. H. Christensen ◽  
M. S. Andersen ◽  
J. H. Bønløkke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Model System ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. We have developed an integrated model system, EVA (Economic Valuation of Air pollution), based on the impact-pathway chain, to assess the health-related economic externalities of air pollution resulting from specific emission sources or sectors, which can be used to support policy-making with respect to emission control. Central for the system is a newly developed tagging method capable of calculating the contribution from a specific emission source or sector to the overall air pollution levels, taking into account the non-linear atmospheric chemistry. The main objective of this work is to identify the anthropogenic emission sources in Europe and Denmark that contribute the most to human health impacts using this tagging method. In this study, we applied the EVA system to Europe and Denmark, with a detailed analysis of health-related external costs from the ten major emission sectors and their relative contributions. The paper contains a thorough description of the EVA system, the main results from the assessment of the main contributors and a discussion of the most important atmospheric chemical reactions relevant for interpreting the results. The main conclusion from the analysis of the ten major emission sectors in Europe and Denmark is that the major contributors to health-related external costs are major power production, agriculture, road traffic, and non-industrial domestic combustion, including wood combustion. We conclude that when regulating the emissions of ammonia from the agricultural sector, both the impacts on nature and on human health should be taken into account. This study confirms that air pollution constitutes a serious problem to human health and that the related external costs are considerable. The results in this work emphasize the importance of defining the right questions in the decision making process, since most of the atmospheric chemical compounds are linked via non-linear chemical reactions, which are important to take into account. The results from assessing the impacts from each emission sector depend clearly on the assumption that the other emission sectors are not changed, especially emissions changing concentrations of atmospheric OH and therefore live times of other chemical species.

THE IMPACT OF METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON SULPHURIC AIR POLLUTION IN KOHTLA-JÄRVE

Oil Shale ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
J PAVLENKOVA ◽  
M KAASIK ◽  
E-S KERNER ◽  
A LOOT ◽  
R OTS
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
The Impact

THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT URBAN LAND USE TYPES ON AIR POLLUTION IN THE MEGACITY OF SÃO PAULO

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Júlio Barboza Chiquetto ◽  
Maria Elisa Siqueira Silva ◽  
Rita Yuri Ynoue ◽  
Flávia Noronha Dutra Ribieiro ◽  
Débora Souza Alvim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Impact

A poluição do ar é influenciada por fatores naturais e antropogênicos. Quatro pontos de monitoramento (veicular, comercial, residencial e background urbano (BGU))da poluição do ar em São Paulo foram avaliados durante 16 anos, revelando diferenças significativas devidoao uso do solo em todas as escalas temporais. Na escala diurna, as concentrações de poluentes primários são duas vezes mais altas nos pontos veicular e residencial do que no ponto BGU, onde a concentração de ozonio (O3) é 50% mais alta. Na escala sazonal, as concentrações de monóxido de carbono(CO) variaram em 80% devido ao uso do solo, e 55% pela sazonalidade.As variações sazonais ede uso do solo exercem impactos similares nas concentrações de O3 e monóxido de nitrogênio (NO). Para o material particulado grosso (MP10) e o dióxido de nitrogênio(NO2), as variações sazonais são mais intensas do que as por uso do solo. Na série temporal de 16 anos, o ponto BGU apresentou correlações mais fortes e significativas entre a média mensal de ondas longas (ROL) e o O3 (0,48) e o MP10 (0,37), comparadas ao ponto veicular (0,33 e 0,22, respectivamente). Estes resultados confirmam que o uso do solo urbano tem um papel significativo na concentração de poluentes em todas as escalas de análise, embora a sua influência se torne menos pronunciada em escalas maiores, conforme a qualidade do ar transita de um sistema antropogênico para um sistema natural. Isto poderá auxiliar decisões sobre políticas públicas em megacidades envolvendo a modificação do uso do solo.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document