Persisting gaps: Labor Market outcomes and numeracy skill levels of first-generation and multi-generation College graduates in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karly Ford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
First Generation ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Skill Levels

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Attainment in the Ellis Island Era

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. White ◽  
Erica Jade Mullen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Socioeconomic Attainment ◽  
Ellis Island ◽  
Socioeconomic Assimilation

Contemporary discussions of immigrant assimilation in the United States often take the experience of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a benchmark, yet significant gaps remain in our understanding of the generality and rate of immigrant progress during that era. Using four decades of Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples census microdata, we utilize both ordinary least squares microdata regression and double cohort methodology to examine socioeconomic assimilation across arrival cohort and country of origin during the Ellis Island era. Our results show, contrary to some writing, that while the first generation (the foreign born) exhibit decidedly inferior labor market outcomes, socioeconomic attainment (measured by Socio-Economic Index points) increased quickly with duration in the United States. Persons of the second generation and those of mixed parentage show much less penalty than immigrants. At the same time, we uncover differences in outcome by European region that do not disappear over the decades we examine.

Labor Market Outcomes of Immigrant Women in the United States: 1970 to 1990

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Schoeni
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Almost All

Forty-two percent of immigrant workers in the United States are women, yet almost all of the evidence on the economic performance of immigrants is based on analyses of men. This study begins to fill the void by examining differences in a wide array of labor market outcomes between U.S.-born and immigrant women, and among immigrant women born in different countries or regions of the world, using the 1970, 1980 and 1990 censuses. Immigrant women were less likely to participate in the labor force, and this gap increased to 7 percentage points by 1990. However, the share of self-employed and the number of weeks and hours worked among employed women were roughly the same for immigrants and natives throughout the 1970–1990 period. The gap in unemployment and weekly wages widened in favor of natives between 1970 and 1990, with a gap in median wages of 14 percent in 1990. However, immigrants born in the United Kingdom and Canada, Europe, Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, and the Middle East have had steady or improved wages and unemployment relative to U.S.-born women. At the same time, immigrants from Mexico and Central America, who now represent one-quarter of all immigrant women, have experienced relatively high unemployment and low earnings, and these differences have increased, with the wage gap reaching 35 percent in 1990. Disparities in completed years of schooling can explain a substantial share of the differences in labor market outcomes.

scholarly journals Refugees from Dust and Shrinking Land: Tracking the Dust Bowl Migrants

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Long ◽  
Henry Siu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dust Bowl ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Migrant Selectivity ◽  
And Migration

We construct longitudinal data from U.S. census records to study the economics of the Dust Bowl migration of the 1930s. Most of our findings contradict long-standing perceptions. While migration rates were high relative to elsewhere in the United States, they were similar to migration rates from the region in the 1920s. Relative to other occupations, farmers were the least likely to move. Furthermore, migrants from the Dust Bowl were not exceptionally likely to move to California. Finally, there was negligible migrant selectivity, and migration was not associated with long-lasting negative labor market outcomes; indeed, for farmers, the gains from migration were positive.

Supplementary Education at College and Its Consequences for Individuals’ Labor Market Outcomes in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-137
Author(s):  
Steve R. Entrich ◽  
Soo-yong Byun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Supplementary Education ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Extended Education ◽  
Positive Effect

The current study seeks to expand our knowledge on extended education and ist potential contribution to social inequality by examining socioeconomic disparities in supplementary education (SE) at college and its impact on labor market outcomes. Using data from the United States Education Longitudinal Study, logistic and linear regressions deliver the following main findings: (1) Socioeconomic status (SES) significantly affects SE participation, net of other factors. (2) With higher involvement in SE activities, neither employment nor income prospects significantly increase. (3) Low SES graduates are slightly more likely to benefit from SE than high SES graduates. (4) Among high-impact SE practices, only internships exert a positive effect on labor market outcomes.

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