Review of technology in small-scale biomass combustion systems in the European market

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 3867-3875 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Míguez ◽  
J.C. Morán ◽  
E. Granada ◽  
J. Porteiro
Keyword(s):  
European Market ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Combustion Systems

scholarly journals Application of Heterogeneous Catalysis in Small-Scale Biomass Combustion Systems

Catalysts ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Bindig ◽  
Saad Butt ◽  
Ingo Hartmann ◽  
Mirjam Matthes ◽  
Christian Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Combustion Systems

Environmental Impact on the Life Cycle for Turbine Based Biomass CHP Plants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Bartocci ◽  
Gianni Bidini ◽  
Paolo Laranci ◽  
Mauro Zampilli ◽  
Michele D'Amico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Biomass CHP plants represent a viable option to produce distributed energy in a sustainable way when the overall environmental benefit is appraised on the whole life cycle. CHP plants for bioenergy conversion may consist of a gasification (IGC – Integrated Gasification Cycle) or pyrolysis (IPRP – Integrated Pyrolysis Regenerated Plant) pre-treatment unit, producing a syngas that feeds an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine. The external combustion mode is also an option, where exhaust gases from biomass combustion provide heat to either a traditional steam cycle, an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) or an EFGT (Externally Fired Gas Turbine). This paper focuses specifically on turbines based technologies and provides a LCA comparison of 4 main technologies suitable for the small scale, namely: EFMGT, ORC, IGC and IPRP. The comparison is carried out considering 3 different biomasses, namely a Short Rotation Forestry, an agricultural residue and an agro industrial residue at 2 different scales: micro scale (100 kw) and small scale (1 MW), being higher scales barely sustainable on the life cycle. From data derived from the Literature or experimental campaign (tests at the IPRP and gasification facilities at the University Perugia), LCA analysis were carried out and the different scenarios were compared based on two impact categories: global warming and human health. Input and output of the derived LCI are referred to the functional unit of 1 kWh electric for upstream, core and downstream processes. Results show the contribution of main processes and are discussed comparing scale, technology and feedstock.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC EMISSIONS FROM BIOMASS COMBUSTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Skopec ◽  
Jan Hrdlička ◽  
Michal Kaválek
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Rape Plant ◽  
Specific Emissions

This paper deals with determining the specific emissions from the combustion of two kinds of biomass fuels in a small-scale boiler. The tested fuels were pellets made of wood and pellets made of rape plant straw. In order to evaluate the specific emissions, several combustion experiments were carried out using a commercial 25 kW pellet-fired boiler. The specific emissions of CO, SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> were evaluated in relation to a unit of burned fuel, a unit of calorific value and a unit of produced heat. The specific emissions were compared with some data acquired from the reference literature, with relatively different results. The differences depend mainly on the procedure used for determining the values, and references provide no information about this. Although some of our experimental results may fit with one of the reference sources, they do not fit with the other. The reliability of the references is therefore disputable.

Formation and dispersion of toxic combustion by-products from small-scale combustion systems

Energy ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 681-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Özdogan ◽  
Seyhan Uygur ◽  
Nilüfer Egrican
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Combustion Systems ◽  
By Products

Investigation of the Effect of Incomplete Droplet Prevaporization on NOx Emissions in LDI Combustion Systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian H. Beck ◽  
Rainer Koch ◽  
Hans-Jörg Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Laser Doppler Anemometry ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Transition Range ◽  
Combustion Systems

The influence of incomplete liquid fuel prevaporization on the emissions of nitric oxides in a swirl stabilized model gas turbine combustor is investigated experimentally and numerically. The design of the model combustor enables the variation of the degree of prevaporization. This is achieved by using two liquid fuel injectors. One injector is located far upstream of the combustor and generates a fully prevaporized and premixed air fuel mixture. The second injector is located at the combustor inlet. Consequently, the liquid fuel mass flow split between the two injectors determines the fraction of nonprevaporized fuel present in the reaction zone. The NO∕NO2 measurements were performed with a chemoluminescence analyzer. In accordance to the findings of other researchers, the present experimental study revealed that the influence of prevaporization on nitric oxide emissions is of significance for practical applications. The experimental studies were accompanied by numerical studies of partially prevaporized lean combustion in an abstracted configuration. The purpose of this numerical study is to gain a detailed understanding of the influence of droplet slip on droplet flame position and peak temperature. The droplet slip velocity was found to have a significant impact on the peak temperature of the droplet flame and, therefore, NO formation rates within the droplet flame. The combustion system used for the experimental investigation was characterized regarding droplet slip velocities with an extended laser Doppler anemometry technique. The comparison between numerical and experimental results shows that the droplet slip velocities in the macroscopic reaction zone are within the transition range from an envelope to a wake flame. It is concluded that small-scale mixing effects play a significant role in the formation of nitric oxides in spray combustion systems with incomplete prevaporization.

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