scholarly journals Six factors of adult dyslexia assessed by cognitive tests and self-report questions: Very high predictive validity

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 143-168
Author(s):  
Peter Tamboer ◽  
Harrie C.M. Vorst ◽  
Peter F. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Adult Dyslexia ◽  
Very High

Validity of the Perceived Criticism Measure in an Undergraduate Sample

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. White ◽  
Joanna E. Strong ◽  
Dianne L. Chambless
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Perceived Criticism ◽  
Report Measure

The concurrent and predictive validity of the Perceived Criticism Measure's Criticism and Upset subscales was assessed for undergraduates, 21 men and 98 women. Participants were asked to identify five people important to them at present (typically these were parents as well as peers) and, for each, to rate how critical that person was as well as how upsetting they found that criticism to be. Scores on Upset exhibited convergent validity with another self-report measure of general sensitivity to criticism, whereas those on Criticism did not. Neither measure predicted higher ratings of criticism in a specific interaction with a mildly critical peer. Divergent validity with scores on a measure of depression was supported for Upset but was less clear for Criticism. Strong evidence of predictive validity for Criticism and Upset was obtained. Ratings for both Peer scales predicted increased negative affect after mild criticism from a peer, although this interaction took place 4 to 10 weeks after administration of the Perceived Criticism Measure.

scholarly journals The Clinical Utility of Personality Profiles of High-Risk Offenders in Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Morgan K.A. Sissons
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Offender Rehabilitation ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
Self Presentation

<p>Personality disorders are common among high-risk offenders. These disorders may have relevance for their risk of offending, and they are likely to present barriers to their engagement in rehabilitation programmes. Co-morbidity between personality disorders - and the high frequency of clinical disorders in general - in offender samples complicate research on personality disorder in offender rehabilitation. One approach to understanding this heterogeneity is to use cluster analysis (CA). CA is an empirical strategy which is used to identify subgroups (clusters) of individuals who have similar scores on the variables used in the analysis. It has been used to empirically identify different patterns of personality and clinical psychopathology among incarcerated offenders. Two profiles frequently emerge in cluster analytic research on offender psychopathology profiles: an antisocial/narcissistic profile and a high-psychopathology profile. However, previous research has not empirically examined whether the identification of these profiles has clinical relevance for offender rehabilitation; that is, whether the profiles are simply descriptive, or whether they can provide useful information for the management and rehabilitation of offenders.  In the current research, I used data collected from high risk offenders entering prison-based rehabilitation programmes to investigate the clinical utility of psychopathology clusters. Using a self-report measure of personality and clinical psychopathology - the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III - I identified three clusters: a low-psychopathology cluster (26% of the sample), a high-psychopathology cluster (35% of the sample), and an antisocial/narcissistic cluster (39% of the sample). The high-psychopathology and antisocial/narcissistic clusters in particular resembled high risk clusters found in previous research.  To determine whether the three clusters had clinical relevance, I investigated cluster differences in criminal risk, treatment responsivity, and self-report predictive validity. I found evidence for cluster differences in criminal risk: men in the high-psychopathology and antisocial/narcissistic clusters had higher rates of criminal recidivism after release compared to men in the low-psychopathology cluster. However, I found that regardless of psychopathology, men in all three clusters made progress in treatment, and there was little evidence that clusters that reported more psychopathology were less engaged, or made less progress. In the final study I examined cluster differences in self-presentation style and the predictive validity of self-report. Results indicated that offenders who reported high levels of psychopathology had a more general tendency for negative self-presentation, and their self-report on risk-related measures was highly predictive of criminal recidivism.  Combined, the results of this research show that cluster analysis of self-reported psychopathology can generate a parsimonious model of heterogeneity in offender samples. Importantly, the resulting clusters can also provide information for some of the most important tasks in offender management: assessment and treatment. The results suggest the highest risk offenders tend to report higher levels of psychopathology, and that offenders who report extensive psychopathology also have highly predictive risk-related self-report. Perhaps one of the most reassuring findings of the current research is that even offenders who report high levels of psychopathology appear to benefit from rehabilitation.</p>

Adult ADHD in the South African workplace: the usefulness of a self-report screening measure and preliminary prevalence estimates

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-273
Author(s):  
Charles H Van Wijk
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
South African ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The South ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Interpretation Systems

In the South African context, resource constraints often preclude the comprehensive assessment of large numbers of people for the likelihood of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Primary screening through a self-report measure may be useful to stream at-risk individuals towards diagnostic assessment services, as well as being useful in population and workplace based research. The present study set out, first, to investigate the usefulness of a self-report ADHD scale to identify at-risk individuals, and, second, to provide preliminary prevalence estimates for Adult ADHD, guided by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) criteria, in a South African workplace sample. Workers in full-time skilled employment ( N = 1,917), aged 18–44, completed a self-report Adult ADHD scale, and participated in an interview with a psychologist. Their scale data, using three different scoring and interpretation systems, were subjected to statistical analysis. Favourable internal reliability and positive predictive validity were found. Different interpretation systems provided different prevalence estimations: using DSM-5 criteria, a total prevalence estimate of 3.3 % was calculated (attention deficit subtype = 0.9%, hyperactivity-impulsivity subtype = 1.0%, and combined subtype = 1.4%). The positive predictive validity found with this sample suggests that this scale can be used constructively in research or screening contexts to identify at-risk individuals. Furthermore, preliminary prevalence estimates for Adult ADHD, guided by DSM-5 criteria, are now available for a South African workplace sample.

scholarly journals Internet-based hoarding assessment: The reliability and predictive validity of the internet-based Hoarding Rating Scale, Self-Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 113505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara K. Nutley ◽  
Lyvia Bertolace ◽  
Luis Sordo Vieira ◽  
Binh Nguyen ◽  
Ashley Ordway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Internet

scholarly journals Predictive validity of self-report questionnaires in the assessment of autism spectrum disorders in adults

Autism ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 842-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bram B Sizoo ◽  
EH Horwitz ◽  
JP Teunisse ◽  
CC Kan ◽  
CTWM Vissers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Private Self-Consciousness as a Moderator Variable?

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-312
Author(s):  
John W. Osborne ◽  
T. O. Maguire ◽  
N. Angus
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Method Variance ◽  
Methodological Difficulties

Previous studies suggested that private self-consciousness may function as a moderator of the predictive validity of self-report measures of personality. This paper critically examined the construct validity of the Self-consciousness Scale used to measure private self-consciousness. The conceptual and methodological difficulties involved in measuring private self-consciousness are discussed with particular reference to the ubiquity of self-consciousness theory and the problem of method variance associated with the exclusive use of self-report in validating the Self-consciousness Scale. A phenomenologically derived profile of test experience is offered as a way of checking the validity of self-reported measures.

scholarly journals Effects of Anchoring Vignettes on Comparability and Predictive Validity of Student Self-Reports in 64 Cultures

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia He ◽  
Janine Buchholz ◽  
Eckhard Klieme
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Teacher Support ◽  
International Student ◽  
Math Achievement ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anchoring Vignettes ◽  
International Student Assessment

Anchoring vignettes are item batteries especially designed for correcting responses that might be affected by incomparability. This article investigates the effects of anchoring vignettes on the validity of student self-report data in 64 cultures. Using secondary data analysis from the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), we checked the validity of ratings on vignette questions, and investigated how rescaled item responses of two student scales, Teacher Support and Classroom Management, enhanced comparability and predictive validity. The main findings include that (a) responses to vignette questions represent valid individual and cultural differences; in particular, violations in these responses (i.e., misorderings) are related to low socioeconomic status and low cognitive sophistication; (b) the rescaled responses tend to show higher levels of comparability; and (c) the associations of rescaled Teacher Support and Classroom Management with math achievement, Student-Oriented Instruction, and Teacher-Directed Instruction are slightly different from raw scores of the two target constructs, and the associations with rescaled scores seem to be more in line with the literature. Namely, the associations among all self-report Likert-type scales are weaker with rescaled scores, presumably reducing common method variance, and both rescaled scale scores are more positively related to math achievement. The country ranking also changes substantially; in particular, Asian cultures top the ranking on Teacher Support after rescaling. However, anchoring vignettes are not a cure-all in solving measurement bias in cross-cultural surveys; we discuss the technicality and directions for further research on this technique.

scholarly journals The Clinical Utility of Personality Profiles of High-Risk Offenders in Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Morgan K.A. Sissons
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Offender Rehabilitation ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
Self Presentation

<p>Personality disorders are common among high-risk offenders. These disorders may have relevance for their risk of offending, and they are likely to present barriers to their engagement in rehabilitation programmes. Co-morbidity between personality disorders - and the high frequency of clinical disorders in general - in offender samples complicate research on personality disorder in offender rehabilitation. One approach to understanding this heterogeneity is to use cluster analysis (CA). CA is an empirical strategy which is used to identify subgroups (clusters) of individuals who have similar scores on the variables used in the analysis. It has been used to empirically identify different patterns of personality and clinical psychopathology among incarcerated offenders. Two profiles frequently emerge in cluster analytic research on offender psychopathology profiles: an antisocial/narcissistic profile and a high-psychopathology profile. However, previous research has not empirically examined whether the identification of these profiles has clinical relevance for offender rehabilitation; that is, whether the profiles are simply descriptive, or whether they can provide useful information for the management and rehabilitation of offenders.  In the current research, I used data collected from high risk offenders entering prison-based rehabilitation programmes to investigate the clinical utility of psychopathology clusters. Using a self-report measure of personality and clinical psychopathology - the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III - I identified three clusters: a low-psychopathology cluster (26% of the sample), a high-psychopathology cluster (35% of the sample), and an antisocial/narcissistic cluster (39% of the sample). The high-psychopathology and antisocial/narcissistic clusters in particular resembled high risk clusters found in previous research.  To determine whether the three clusters had clinical relevance, I investigated cluster differences in criminal risk, treatment responsivity, and self-report predictive validity. I found evidence for cluster differences in criminal risk: men in the high-psychopathology and antisocial/narcissistic clusters had higher rates of criminal recidivism after release compared to men in the low-psychopathology cluster. However, I found that regardless of psychopathology, men in all three clusters made progress in treatment, and there was little evidence that clusters that reported more psychopathology were less engaged, or made less progress. In the final study I examined cluster differences in self-presentation style and the predictive validity of self-report. Results indicated that offenders who reported high levels of psychopathology had a more general tendency for negative self-presentation, and their self-report on risk-related measures was highly predictive of criminal recidivism.  Combined, the results of this research show that cluster analysis of self-reported psychopathology can generate a parsimonious model of heterogeneity in offender samples. Importantly, the resulting clusters can also provide information for some of the most important tasks in offender management: assessment and treatment. The results suggest the highest risk offenders tend to report higher levels of psychopathology, and that offenders who report extensive psychopathology also have highly predictive risk-related self-report. Perhaps one of the most reassuring findings of the current research is that even offenders who report high levels of psychopathology appear to benefit from rehabilitation.</p>

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