Smooth muscle in human bronchi is disposed to resist airway distension

2016 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Gazzola ◽  
Cyndi Henry ◽  
Christian Couture ◽  
David Marsolais ◽  
Gregory G King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Human Bronchi

Does the length dependency of airway smooth muscle force contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness?

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1304-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Lee-Gosselin ◽  
Chris D. Pascoe ◽  
Christian Couture ◽  
Peter D. Paré ◽  
Ynuk Bossé
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Airway Wall ◽  
Airway Walls ◽  
Computational Analyses ◽  
Human Bronchi

Airway wall remodeling and lung hyperinflation are two typical features of asthma that may alter the contractility of airway smooth muscle (ASM) by affecting its operating length. The aims of this study were as follows: 1) to describe in detail the “length dependency of ASM force” in response to different spasmogens; and 2) to predict, based on morphological data and a computational model, the consequence of this length dependency of ASM force on airway responsiveness in asthmatic subjects who have both remodeled airway walls and hyperinflated lungs. Ovine tracheal ASM strips and human bronchial rings were isolated and stimulated to contract in response to increasing concentrations of spasmogens at three different lengths. Ovine tracheal strips were more sensitive and generated greater force at longer lengths in response to acetylcholine (ACh) and K+. Equipotent concentrations of ACh were approximately a log less for ASM stretched by 30% and approximately a log more for ASM shortened by 30%. Similar results were observed in human bronchi in response to methacholine. Morphometric and computational analyses predicted that the ASM of asthmatic subjects may be elongated by 6.6–10.4% (depending on airway generation) due to remodeling and/or hyperinflation, which could increase ACh-induced force by 1.8–117.8% (depending on ASM length and ACh concentration) and enhance the increased resistance to airflow by 0.4–4,432.8%. In conclusion, elongation of ASM imposed by airway wall remodeling and/or hyperinflation may allow ASM to operate at a longer length and to consequently generate more force and respond to lower concentration of spasmogens. This phenomenon could contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness.

Long-lasting smooth-muscle relaxation by a novel PACAP analogue in human bronchi

2004 ◽  
Vol 123 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigemi Yoshihara ◽  
Yumi Yamada ◽  
Toshio Abe ◽  
Kazuhisa Kashimoto ◽  
Anders Lindén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Human Bronchi

scholarly journals Leukotriene D4-Induced Activation of Smooth-Muscle Cells From Human Bronchi Is Partly Ca2 +-Independent

2001 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA ROSA ACCOMAZZO ◽  
GIAN ENRICO ROVATI ◽  
TERESA VIGANÒ ◽  
ALICIA HERNANDEZ ◽  
ALBINO BONAZZI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Leukotriene D4 ◽  
Human Bronchi

scholarly journals Isotonic smooth muscle response in human bronchi exposed in vitro to nitrogen dioxide

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2294-2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chitano ◽  
R.E. Lucchini ◽  
F. Calabrò ◽  
M. Saetta ◽  
P. Maestrelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Muscle Response ◽  
Human Bronchi

scholarly journals Distribution of chymase-containing mast cells in human bronchi.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Matin ◽  
E K Tam ◽  
J A Nadel ◽  
G H Caughey
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Cell Subpopulations ◽  
Mast Cell Chymase ◽  
Tissue Compartments ◽  
Human Bronchi

Mast cell chymase stimulates secretion from cultured airway gland serous cells and hydrolyzes bronchoactive peptides in vitro. To explore the likelihood of these interactions occurring in situ, we examined the distribution and concentration of chymase-containing mast cells near glands and smooth muscle of major human bronchi from eight individuals without known airway disease. Total airway mast cells and the subset of mast cells containing chymase were detected by staining for methylene blue metachromasia and chloroacetate esterase activity, respectively. The percentage of chymase-containing mast cells was found to differ strikingly among bronchial tissue compartments. Near glands, for example, the concentration of chymase-positive mast cells (640 +/- 120 cells/mm3) was 73 +/- 9% that of total mast cells (910 +/- 130 cells/mm3), whereas in smooth muscle the concentration of chymase-positive mast cells (450 +/- 200 cells/mm3) was only 14 +/- 4% that of total mast cells (2920 +/- 620 cells/mm3). Of all chymase-containing mast cells in the airway subepithelium, 30 +/- 4% were located within 20 microns of submucosal glands. Although the percentage of chymase-containing cells varied, the absolute concentration of chymase-containing mast cells was similar in all compartments. These results reveal a differential distribution of mast cell subpopulations in human airway and suggest that mast cells containing chymase are near gland and smooth muscle targets.

Effects of Intravenous Anesthetics on Normal and Passively Sensitized Human Isolated Airway Smooth Muscle 

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazinigouba Ouedraogo ◽  
Etienne Roux ◽  
Francois Forestier ◽  
Max Rossetti ◽  
Jean-Pierre Savineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Muscarinic Agonist ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Intravenous Anesthetics ◽  
Pharmacomechanical Coupling ◽  
Rat Trachea ◽  
Human Bronchi

Background General anesthetics may modify airway responsiveness. The authors investigated the effect of thiopental, propofol, and etomidate on airway smooth muscle. Methods Contraction experiments were done in human airway rings that were either normal or passively sensitized with asthmatic serum. The effect of propofol and etomidate was also studied on both [Ca2+]i increase measured by microspectrofluorimetry in isolated myocytes and isometric contraction in the rat trachea. Results In human bronchi, thiopental (10[-7] to 10[-4] M) induced a concentration-dependent contraction. Neither propofol nor etomidate altered baseline tone, but both anesthetics reduced histamine-induced contraction. In human immunologically sensitized isolated bronchi, propofol (3 x 10[-4] M) reduced histamine reactivity (deltaFmax in %) to a greater degree than in nonsensitized tissues (64.4 +/- 15.7% and 16.4 +/- 8.5%, respectively; n = 6, P < 0.05), whereas the effect of etomidate (10[-4] M) was similar in both types of tissue (24.1 +/- 6% and 22.3 +/- 15%, respectively, n = 6). In rat isolated tracheal myocytes, propofol (3 x 10[-4] M) and etomidate (10[-4] M) altered the [Ca2+]i signal in response to the depolarizing agent potassium chloride and the muscarinic agonist acetylcholine. Accordingly, the two anesthetics also reduced the mechanical response of rat tracheal rings to these agonists. Conclusions Whereas thiopental contracts human isolated bronchi, propofol and etomidate reduce histamine-induced contraction in human isolated airway smooth muscle that were either not sensitized or passively sensitized with asthmatic serum. This effect involves inhibition of both electro- and pharmacomechanical coupling.

The Cellular Origin in Atheromatous Lesion

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
H. A. I. Newman ◽  
K. F. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Early Lesion

The origin of lipid containing cells in atheromatous lesion has been disputed. Geer in his study on atheromatous lesions of rabbit aorta, suggested that the early lesion is composed mainly of lipid-laden macrophages and the later lesion has a mixed population of macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Parker on the other hand, was able to show evidence that the rabbit lesion is primarily composed of lipid-laden cells of smooth muscle origin. The above studies and many others were done on an intact lesion without any attempt of cellular isolation previous to their ultrastructural studies. Cell isolation procedures have been established for atherosclerotic lesions through collagenase and elastase digestion Therefore this procedure can be utilized to identify the cells involved in rabbit atheroma.

Electron Probe Analysis of Muscle

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 398-401
Author(s):  
A. V. Somlyo ◽  
H. Shuman ◽  
A. P. Somlyo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Frog Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electron Probe Analysis ◽  
Probe Analysis

Electron probe analysis of frozen dried cryosections of frog skeletal muscle, rabbit vascular smooth muscle and of isolated, hyperpermeab1 e rabbit cardiac myocytes has been used to determine the composition of the cytoplasm and organelles in the resting state as well as during contraction. The concentration of elements within the organelles reflects the permeabilities of the organelle membranes to the cytoplasmic ions as well as binding sites. The measurements of [Ca] in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and mitochondria at rest and during contraction, have direct bearing on their role as release and/or storage sites for Ca in situ.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document