Optimization for free glycerol, diglyceride, and triglyceride reduction in biodiesel using ultrafiltration polymeric membrane: Effect of process parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tajziehchi ◽  
S.M. Sadrameli
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Free Glycerol ◽  
Membrane Effect

scholarly journals Optimization of Spiral-Wound Microfiltration Process Parameters for the Production of Micellar Casein Concentrate

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Chenchaiah Marella ◽  
Venkateswarlu Sunkesula ◽  
Ahmed R. A. Hammam ◽  
Anil Kommineni ◽  
Lloyd E. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Micellar Casein ◽  
Critical Process Parameters ◽  
Systematic Selection ◽  
True Protein ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spiral Wound

A systematic selection of different transmembrane pressures (TMP) and levels of diafiltration (DF) was studied to optimize these critical process parameters during the manufacturing of micellar casein concentrate (MCC) using spiral-wound polymeric membrane filtration. Three TMPs (34.5, 62.1, and 103.4 kPa) and four DF levels (0, 70, 100, and 150%) were applied in the study. The effect of the TMP and DF level on flux rates, serum protein (SP) removal, the casein-to-total-protein ratio, the casein-to-true-protein ratio, and the rejection of casein and SP were evaluated. At all transmembrane pressures, the overall flux increased with increases in the DF level. The impact of DF on the overall flux was more pronounced at lower pressures than at higher pressures. With controlled DF, the instantaneous flux was maintained within 80% of the initial flux for the entire process run. The combination of 34.5 kPa and a DF level of 150% resulted in 81.45% SP removal, and a casein-to-true-protein ratio of 0.96. SP removal data from the lab-scale experiments were fitted into a mathematical model using DF levels and the square of TMPs as factors. The model developed in this study could predict SP removal within 90–95% of actual SP removal achieved from the pilot plant experiments.

Halogenation of ORMOSIL: A Promising Rout for Tailoring Optical Absorptions

2003 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Fardad ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Yadong Zhang ◽  
Bryson Case ◽  
Shibin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Fiber Amplifiers ◽  
Grignard Reaction ◽  
Coupling Loss ◽  
Beam Splitters ◽  
Silicon Technology ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Propagation Losses ◽  
Signal Intensities

AbstractFluorinated and photo-imageable precursors are synthesized through a Barbier-Grignard reaction for 1550-nm window. The precursors are used for the sol-gel process of integrated optic components for silica-on-silicon technology. Material compositions and process parameters are optimized to achieve internal absorptions >0.1 dB/cm and propagation losses of about 0.5 dB/cm at 1550 nm. Compact 1×16 Beam splitters are designed and fabricated which exhibit >0.3 dB power uniformity, >0.1 dB PDL and 1.5 dB coupling loss. By hybrid integration of the passive splitters and in-house fiber amplifiers, amplifying splitters are demonstrated at various signal intensities.

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