Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil using in situ generated hydrogen in plasma reactor: Effects of allumina supported catalysts and plasma parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Taghvaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Keyword(s):  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Bio Oil

Coherent electron nanodiffraction from clean silver nano particles in a UHV STEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1058-1059
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
M. Pan ◽  
G. E. Spinnler
Keyword(s):  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Shape Structure ◽  
Dynamical Simulations ◽  
Small Metal Particles ◽  
Extract Information

Small metal particles have peculiar chemical and physical properties as compared to bulk materials. They are especially important in catalysis since metal particles are common constituents of supported catalysts. The structural characterization of small particles is of primary importance for the understanding of structure-catalytic activity relationships. The shape and size of metal particles larger than approximately 5 nm in diameter can be determined by several imaging techniques. It is difficult, however, to deduce the shape of smaller metal particles. Coherent electron nanodiffraction (CEND) patterns from nano particles contain information about the particle size, shape, structure and defects etc. As part of an on-going program of STEM characterization of supported catalysts we report some preliminary results of CEND study of Ag nano particles, deposited in situ in a UHV STEM instrument, and compare the experimental results with full dynamical simulations in order to extract information about the shape of Ag nano particles.

scholarly journals Hydrogen-Free Deoxygenation of Bio-Oil Model Compounds over Sulfur-Free Polymer Supported Catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Antonina A. Stepacheva ◽  
Mariia E. Markova ◽  
Yury V. Lugovoy ◽  
Kirill V. Chalov ◽  
Mikhail G. Sulman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Hydrogen Donors

AbstractHydrotreatment of bio-oil oxygen compounds allows the final product to be effectively used as a liquid transportation fuel from biomass. Deoxygenation is considered to be one of the most promising ways for bio-oil upgrading. In the current work, we describe a novel approach for the deoxygenation of bio-oil model compounds (anisole, guaiacol) using supercritical fluids as both the solvent and hydrogen-donors. We estimated the possibility of the use of complex solvent consisting of non-polar n-hexane with low critical points (Tc = 234.5 ºC, Pc = 3.02 MPa) and propanol-2 used as H-donor. The experiments were performed without catalysts and in the presence of noble and transition metals hydrothermally deposited on the polymeric matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS). The experiments showed that the presence of 20 vol. % of propanol-2 in n-hexane results in the highest (up to 99%) conversion of model compounds. When the process was carried out without a catalyst, phenols were found to be a major product yielding up to 95 %. The use of Pd- and Co-containing catalyst yielded 90 % of aromatic compounds (benzene and toluene) while in the presence of Ru and Ni cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane (up to 98 %) were the main products.

Products characterization for fast in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of bio-oil over Ni/Al2O3

2021 ◽  
Vol 657 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
Zengtong Deng ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Song Hu ◽  
Sheng Su ◽  
Long Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil

In situ upgrading of bio-oil via CaO catalyst derived from organic precursors

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 3119-3126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Yi ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Kangxin Xiao ◽  
Geyi Wang ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bio Oil ◽  
Organic Precursors

In-situ catalytic upgrading of bio-oil from rapid pyrolysis of biomass over hollow HZSM-5 with mesoporous shell

2021 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 125874
Author(s):  
Nichaboon Chaihad ◽  
Aisikaer Anniwaer ◽  
Aghietyas Choirun Az Zahra ◽  
Yutaka Kasai ◽  
Prasert Reubroycharoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Upgrading ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Mesoporous Shell ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Rapid Pyrolysis

The spacecraft wake as a tool to detect cold ions: Turning a problem into a feature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats André ◽  
Anders I. Eriksson ◽  
Yuri V. Khotyaintsev ◽  
Sergio Toledo-Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Double Probe ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Collisionless Plasmas ◽  
Mass Outflow ◽  
Wake Effects ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Positively Charged

<p>Wakes behind scientific spacecraft caused by supersonic drifting ions is common in collisionless plasmas. Such wakes change the local plasma conditions and disturb in situ observations of the geophysical plasma parameters. We concentrate on observations of the electric field with double-probe instruments. Sometimes the wake effects are caused by the spacecraft body, are minor and easy to detect, and can be compensated for in a reasonable way. We show an example from the Cluster spacecraft in the solar wind. Sometimes the effects are caused by an electrostatic structure around a positively charged spacecraft causing an enhanced wake and major effects on the local plasma. Here observations of the geophysical electric field with the double-probe technique becomes impossible. Rather, the wake can be used to detect the presence of cold positive ions. Together with other instruments, also the cold ion flux can be estimated. We discuss such examples from the Cluster spacecraft in the magnetospheric lobes. For an intermediate range of parameters, when the drift energy of the ions is comparable to the equivalent charge of the spacecraft, also the charged wire booms of a double-probe instrument must be taken into account to extract useful information from the observations. We show an example from the MMS spacecraft near the magnetopause. With understanding of the physics causing wakes behind spacecraft, the local effects can sometimes be compensated for. When this is not possible, sometimes entirely new geophysical parameters can be estimated. An example is the flux of cold positive ions, constituting a major part of the mass outflow from planet Earth, using electric and magnetic field instruments on a spacecraft charged due to photoionization</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Machine Learning Prediction of Electron Density and Temperature from Optical Emission Spectroscopy in Nitrogen Plasma

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Jun-Hyoung Park ◽  
Ji-Ho Cho ◽  
Jung-Sik Yoon ◽  
Jung-Ho Song
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Plasma Nitridation

We present a non-invasive approach for monitoring plasma parameters such as the electron temperature and density inside a radio-frequency (RF) plasma nitridation device using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) in conjunction with multivariate data analysis. Instead of relying on a theoretical model of the plasma emission to extract plasma parameters from the OES, an empirical correlation was established on the basis of simultaneous OES and other diagnostics. Additionally, we developed a machine learning (ML)-based virtual metrology model for real-time Te and ne monitoring in plasma nitridation processes using an in situ OES sensor. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of electron density was 97% and that of electron temperature was 90%. This method is especially useful in plasma processing because it provides in-situ and real-time analysis without disturbing the plasma or interfering with the process.

Comparison of Bio-Oil Properties from Non-Catalytic and In-Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 23456-23465
Author(s):  
Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar ◽  
Chi Wei Lee ◽  
Suyin Gan ◽  
Hoon Kiat Ng ◽  
Lai Yee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil

scholarly journals In situ measurements of sub-meter plasma waves over low-latitude ionosphere during Leonid-99 meteor storm

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2033-2036
Author(s):  
S. P. Gupta ◽  
R. Sekar ◽  
Y. B. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Plasma Waves ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Scale Size ◽  
Meteor Storm ◽  
Low Latitude Ionosphere ◽  
First Time ◽  
Probe Measurements

Abstract. In situ probe measurements of plasma parameters were carried out on 18 and 20 November 1999 from Sriharikota, India, a low-latitude rocket launching station to investigate the effect of a Leonid meteor storm. Results obtained on plasma waves using a high frequency Langmuir probe are discussed. The characteristics of the sub-meter scale size plasma waves observed for the first time during Leonid meteor storm are presented. Based on the results obtained from both the rocket flights and comparison with the results obtained from previous rocket flights from the same location, it appears these sub-meter waves are associated with intense meteoric activity. A possible mechanism based on the dependence of the meteoric activity and its limitations are discussed.

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