A short-cut analytical model of hydrocarbon pool fire of different geometries, with enhanced view factor evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Palazzi ◽  
Carlo Caviglione ◽  
Andrea P. Reverberi ◽  
Bruno Fabiano
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Hydrocarbon Pool ◽  
Factor Evaluation

Experimental Investigation and CFD Simulation of Hydrocarbon Pool Fire

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-222
Author(s):  
Pramod C. Ramteke ◽  
Akhilesh Gupta ◽  
Ravi Kumar ◽  
A. K. Gupta ◽  
Pawan K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Hydrocarbon Pool

scholarly journals Investigation of Sheltering Effect on Global Solar Radiation Data Measured by Weather Stations

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Keh-Chin Chang ◽  
Hung-Hsun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Measuring Process ◽  
Radiation Data ◽  
Factor Evaluation ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Sheltering Effect

In instalment of pyranometers at the weather stations for measuring global solar radiation, it often cannot avoid appearance of obstacles in their surroundings. Investigation of sheltering effect on measurement of global solar radiation is performed through introducing the shelter view factor. Evaluation of the shelter view factor is made by means of a fisheye-lens photograph together with the calculation method developed by Steyn (1980). Taitung weather station (TWS) is chosen for the study. The shelter view factor for the pyranometer installed at TWS is estimated to be 11.8%. Measurements of global solar radiation are conducted at a place where is located nearby TSW but with the condition of zero shelter view factor. Comparison of the data measured at these two sites indicates 4% - 25% deviations of global solar radiation observed in different months of 2017. It suggests a need of the correction to the sheltering effect in the measuring process of global solar radiation at the weather stations except those who are not subject to surrounding obstacles in the sky dome.

scholarly journals Determining Airborne Release Fraction From DOT 7A Drums Exposed to a Thermal Insult

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Mendoza ◽  
Victor G. Figueroa ◽  
Walter Gill ◽  
Scott Sanborn
Keyword(s):  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Hydrocarbon Pool ◽  
Fire Environment ◽  
Hypothetical Accident ◽  
Accident Conditions ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Suppression Systems

Abstract Fire suppression systems for transuranic (TRU) waste facilities are designed to minimize radioactive material release to the public and to facility employees in the event of a fire. Currently, facilities with Department of Transportation (DOT) 7A drums filled with TRU waste follow guidelines that assume a fraction of the drums experience lid ejection in case of a fire. This lid loss is assumed to result in significant TRU waste material from the drum experiencing an unconfined burn during the fire, and fire suppression systems are thus designed to respond and mitigate potential radioactive material release. However, recent preliminary tests where the standard lid filters of 7A drums were replaced with a UT-9424S filter suggest that the drums could retain their lid if equipped with this filter. The retention of the drum lid could thus result in a very different airborne release fraction (ARF) of a 7A drum’s contents when exposed to a pool fire than what is assumed in current safety basis documents. This potentially different ARF is currently unknown because, while studies have been performed in the past to quantify ARF for 7A drums in a fire, no comprehensive measurements have been performed for drums equipped with a UT-9424S filter. If the ARF is lower than what is currently assumed, it could change the way TRU waste facilities operate. Sandia National Laboratories has thus developed a set of tests and techniques to help determine an ARF value for 7A drums filled with TRU waste and equipped with a UT-9424S filter when exposed to the hypothetical accident conditions (HAC) of a 30-minute hydrocarbon pool fire. In this multi-phase test series, SNL has accomplished the following: (1) performed a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) on various combustible materials typically found in 7A drums in order to identify a conservative load for 7A drums in a pool fire; (2) performed a 30-minute pool fire test to (a) determine if lid ejection is possible under extreme conditions despite the UT-9424S filter, and (b) to measure key parameters in order to replicate the fire environment using a radiant heat setup; and (3) designed a radiant heat setup to demonstrate capability of reproducing the fire environment with a system that would facilitate measurements of ARF. This manuscript thus discusses the techniques, approach, and unique capabilities SNL has developed to help determine an ARF value for DOT 7A drums exposed to a 30-minute fully engulfing pool fire while equipped with a UT-9424S filter on the drum lid.

scholarly journals Validation and uncertainty quantification of Fuego simulations of calorimeter heating in a wind-driven hydrocarbon pool fire.

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Paul Domino ◽  
Victor G. Figueroa ◽  
Vicente Jose Romero ◽  
David Jason Glaze ◽  
Martin P. Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Quantification ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Hydrocarbon Pool

Parallelization of a Large Scale Hydrocarbon Pool Fire in the Uintah PSE

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Rawat ◽  
Jennifer P. Spinti ◽  
Wing Yee ◽  
Philip J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Turbulent Reacting Flows ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Los Alamos National Laboratory ◽  
Hydrocarbon Pool

Realistic simulation of complicated systems such as large-scale pool fires requires the representation of relevant physical processes such as turbulent reacting flows, convective and radiative heat transfer, and fundamental gas-phase chemistry. Resolution of the length and time scales responsible for controlling the dynamic features of fire are also required to capture important fire physics. Resolving these length and time scales, however, requires massively parallel computations. To achieve coupling of these complicated processes in a massively parallel environment, software components that reuse physics-based, legacy fire codes (written in Fortran) are developed and integrated with Uintah, a component-based, visual Problem Solving Environment (PSE) [1]. Uintah provides the framework for large-scale parallelization for different applications. The integration of the new fire code in Uintah is built on three principles: 1) Develop different, reusable, physics-based components that can be used interchangeably and interact with other components, 2) reuse the legacy fire code as much as possible, and 3) use components developed by third parties, specifically non-linear and linear solvers designed for solving complex-flow problems. The simulation of a 10-m heptane pool fire illustrates the parallel scalability obtained with the integrated fire code. Linear scalability to 1000 processors is obtained on the SGI Origin 2000 at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Rail Tank Car Total Containment Fire Testing: Planning and Test Development

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gonzalez ◽  
Anand Prabhakaran ◽  
Andrew Robitaille ◽  
Graydon Booth ◽  
A. M. Birk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Test ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Radiative Balance ◽  
Static Testing ◽  
Hydrocarbon Pool

Given the frequent incidences of Non-Accident Releases (NARs) of hazardous materials from tank cars, there in an increasing interest in transporting hazardous materials in total containment conditions (i.e., no pressure relief devices). However, the ability of tank cars to meet thermal protection requirements provided in the Code of Federal Regulations under conditions of total containment has not been established. Also, the modeling tool commonly used by industry to evaluate thermal protection, AFFTAC, has not been validated under these conditions. The intent of this effort was to evaluate through a series of third-scale fire tests, the ability of tank cars to meet the thermal protection requirements under total containment conditions, and also, to validate AFFTAC for such conditions. This paper describes the test design and planning effort associated with this research, including the design and evaluation of a fire test setup to simulate a credible, fully engulfing, pool fire that is consistent and repeatable, and the design and hydro-static testing of a third-scale tank specimen. The fire design includes controls on the spatial distribution and temperature variation of the flame temperature, the heat flux, and the radiative balance, to best reflect large liquid hydrocarbon pool fire conditions that may be experienced during derailment scenarios.

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