Reliable method for safety assessment of melting points of energetic compounds

Improved reliable approach to predict melting points of energetic compounds

Fluid Phase Equilibria ◽

10.1016/j.fluid.2011.06.028 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 308 (1-2) ◽

pp. 114-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz ◽

Farhad Gharagheizi ◽

Hamid Reza Pouretedal

Keyword(s):

Energetic Compounds ◽

Melting Points

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Exploration of low-melting energetic compounds: influence of substituents on melting points

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0nj01166e ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (32) ◽

pp. 13576-13583

Author(s):

Rui Yang ◽

Zhen Dong ◽

Zhiwen Ye

Keyword(s):

Melting Point ◽

Substituent Effect ◽

Energetic Compounds ◽

Melting Points ◽

Explosive Performance ◽

Influence Of Substituents

The substituent effect of low melting point compounds reduces sensitivity and improves explosive performance.

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A simple method to predict melting points of non-aromatic energetic compounds

Fluid Phase Equilibria ◽

10.1016/j.fluid.2010.01.017 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 292 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Reza Fareghi Alamdari ◽

Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz

Keyword(s):

Energetic Compounds ◽

Melting Points ◽

Simple Method

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5-Nitrotetrazol and 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Methylene-Bridged Energetic Compounds: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Performances

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26237072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (23) ◽

pp. 7072

Author(s):

Jiarong Zhang ◽

Fuqiang Bi ◽

Zhi Yang ◽

Qi Xue ◽

Bozhou Wang

Keyword(s):

Structural Type ◽

Energetic Compounds ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Melting Points ◽

Thermal Stabilities ◽

X Ray ◽

Apparent Activation Energies ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time ◽

Impact Sensitivities

A new structural type for melt cast materials was designed by linking nitrotetrazole ring with 1,2,4-oxadiazole through a N-CH2-C bridge for the first time. Three N-CH2-C linkage bridged energetic compounds, including 3-((5-nitro-2H-tetrazol-2-yl) methyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (NTOM), 3-((5-nitro-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)methyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4 -oxadiazole (NTOF) and 3-((5-nitro-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)methyl)-5-amine-1,2,4-oxadiazole (NTOA), were designed and synthesized through a two-step reaction by using 2-(5-nitro-2H-tetrazole -2-yl)acetonitrile as the starting material. The synthesized compounds were fully characterized by NMR (1H, 13C), IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The single crystals of NTOM, NTOF and NTOA were successfully obtained and investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The thermal stabilities of these compounds were evaluated by DSC-TG measurements, and their apparent activation energies were calculated by Kissinger and Ozawa methods. The crystal densities of the three compounds were between 1.66 g/cm3 (NTOA) and 1.87 g/cm3 (NTOF). The impact and friction sensitivities were measured by standard BAM fall-hammer techniques, and their detonation performances were computed using the EXPLO 5 (v. 6.04) program. The detonation velocities of the three compounds are between 7271 m/s (NTOF) and 7909 m/s (NTOM). The impact sensitivities are >40 J, and the friction sensitivities are >360 N. NTOM, NTOF and NTOA are thermally stable, with decomposition points > 240 °C. The melting points of NTOM and NTOF are 82.6 °C and 71.7 °C, respectively. Hence, they possess potential to be used as melt cast materials with good thermal stabilities and better detonation performances than TNT.

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Study on the synthesis of 2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl esters as a potential melt cast matrix in explosive charges

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c7nj02717f ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (21) ◽

pp. 12700-12706 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jinchao Ma ◽

Hongwei Yang ◽

Guangbin Cheng

Keyword(s):

Detonation Properties ◽

Energetic Compounds ◽

Melting Points ◽

Thermal Stabilities ◽

Explosive Charges

Polynitro energetic compounds with low melting points, high thermal stabilities, good detonation properties, and considerably mechanical insensitivities are reported; some of these compounds are promising potential replacements of TNT used in melt cast explosives.

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Quantitative Diameter Measurements of Chromatin and TMV Fibers in the Freeze-Dried State

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100102936 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 170-171

Author(s):

B. D. Athey ◽

A. L. Stout ◽

M. F. Smith ◽

J. P. Langmore

Keyword(s):

Reliable Method ◽

Fiber Diameter ◽

Quantitative Agreement ◽

One Dimension ◽

Fiber Axis ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Fiber Density ◽

Variable Diameter ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Expected Values

Although there is general agreement that Inactive chromosome fibers consist of helically packed nucleosomes, the pattern of packing is still undetermined. Only one of the proposed models, the crossed-linker model, predicts a variable diameter dependent on the length of DNA between nucleosomes. Measurements of the fiber diameter of negatively-stained and frozen- hydrated- chromatin from Thyone sperm (87bp linker) and Necturus erythrocytes (48bp linker) have been previously reported from this laboratory. We now introduce a more reliable method of measuring the diameters of electron images of fibrous objects. The procedure uses a modified version of the computer program TOTAL, which takes a two-dimensional projection of the fiber density (represented by the micrograph itself) and projects it down the fiber axis onto one dimension. We illustrate this method using high contrast, in-focus STEM images of TMV and chromatin from Thyone and Necturus. The measured diameters are in quantitative agreement with the expected values for the crossed-linker model for chromatin structure

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