Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in oil and gas production: A silent killer

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid AL Nabhani ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials

Variance in State Protection from Exposure to NORM and TENORM Wastes Generated During Unconventional Oil and Gas Operations: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-261
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ann Glass Geltman ◽  
Nichole LeClair
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations

Radioactive materials for the medical, technological, and industrial sectors have been effectively regulated in the United States since as early as 1962. The steady increase in the exploration and production of shale gas in recent years has led to concerns about exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) in oil and gas waste streams. This study applied policy surveillance methods to conduct a cross-sectional fifty-state survey of law and regulations of NORM and TENORM waste from oil and gas operations. Results indicated that seventeen states drafted express regulations to reduce exposure to oil and gas NORM and TENORM waste. States with active oil and gas drilling that lack regulations controlling exposure to NORM and TENORM may leave the public and workers susceptible to adverse health effects from radiation. The study concludes with recommendations in regard to regulating oil and gas NORM and TENORM waste.

Constructed Wetlands for Polishing Oil and Gas Produced Water Releases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly McLaughlin ◽  
Bonnie McDevitt ◽  
Hannah Miller ◽  
Kaela Amundson ◽  
michael Wilkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials

Produced water (PW) is the largest waste stream associated with oil and gas (O&G) operations and contains petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, salts, naturally occurring radioactive materials and any remaining chemical...

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