Selected Sleep Disorders: Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder, Sleep Apnea Syndrome, and Narcolepsy

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton K. Erman
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Apnea Syndrome

scholarly journals Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. e38-e49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Sharon ◽  
Arthur Scott Walters ◽  
Narong Simakajornboon
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Periodic Limb Movements ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder ◽  
Restless Legs

Introduction Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) have been studied more than any other sleep-related movement disorder in the pediatric population. A common feature to both, periodic limb movements, occurs in many other disorders and also in reportedly healthy children and adolescents. In this review, we discuss the different types of limb movements as it pertains to pediatric RLS and PLMD and provides an update on these disorders. Methods A literature search was performed with the following inclusion criteria: English publication, limb movements, leg movements, periodic limb movements of sleep, periodic limb movements during wake, PLMD, RLS, with each of the modifiers, children, pediatric, and adolescents. Identified publications were reviewed and their reference lists were searched for additional relevant publications. Results A total of 102 references were included in this review. These included epidemiological studies, prospective and retrospective studies, case series, observational data, reviews, and consensus guidelines. A critical summary of these findings is presented. Conclusion The limited evidence-based data support the importance of evaluating limb movements in the context of the clinical symptomatology presented by the child or the adolescent. Further research is needed to (1) better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in periodic limb movements as encountered in the pediatric PLMD or RLS patient and their impact on the overall health and well-being, (2) develop objective diagnostic criteria for RLS and differentiate it from its “mimics” in the pediatric population, and (3) establish evidence-based guidelines for treatment.

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