scholarly journals Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Biomass for Energy Generation

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengang Liu ◽  
R. Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Generation ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Biomass For Energy

scholarly journals Sewage Sludge Treatment by Hydrothermal Carbonization: Feasibility Study for Sustainable Nutrient Recovery and Fuel Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2697
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gerner ◽  
Luca Meyer ◽  
Rahel Wanner ◽  
Thomas Keller ◽  
Rolf Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment

Phosphorus recovery from waste biomass is becoming increasingly important, given that phosphorus is an exhaustible non-renewable resource. For the recovery of plant nutrients and production of climate-neutral fuel from wet waste streams, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been suggested as a promising technology. In this study, digested sewage sludge (DSS) was used as waste material for phosphorus and nitrogen recovery. HTC was conducted at 200 °C for 4 h, followed by phosphorus stripping (PS) or leaching (PL) at room temperature. The results showed that for PS and PL around 84% and 71% of phosphorus, as well as 53% and 54% of nitrogen, respectively, could be recovered in the liquid phase (process water and/or extract). Heavy metals were mainly transferred to the hydrochar and only <1 ppm of Cd and 21–43 ppm of Zn were found to be in the liquid phase of the acid treatments. According to the economic feasibility calculation, the HTC-treatment per dry ton DSS with an industrial-scale plant would cost around 608 USD. Between 349–406 kg of sulfuric acid are required per dry ton DSS to achieve a high yield in phosphorus recovery, which causes additional costs of 96–118 USD. Compared to current sewage sludge treatment costs in Switzerland, which range between 669 USD and 1173 USD, HTC can be an economically feasible process for DSS treatment and nutrient recovery.

scholarly journals Energy Calculator for Solar Processing of Biomass with Application to Uganda

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Green ◽  
Opio Innocent Miria ◽  
Rolf Crook ◽  
Andrew Ross
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Local Supply

Rural areas of developing countries often have poor energy infrastructure and so rely on a very local supply. A local energy supply in rural Uganda frequently has problems such as limited accessibility, unreliability, a high expense, harmful to health and deforestation. By carbonizing waste biomass streams, available to those in rural areas of developing countries through a solar resource, it would be possible to create stable, reliable fuels with more consistent calorific values. An energy demand calculator is reported to assess the different energy demands of various thermochemical processes that can be used to create biofuel. The energy demand calculator then relates the energy required to the area of solar collector required for an integrated system. Pyrolysis was shown to require the least amount of energy to process 1 kg of biomass when compared to steam treatment and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). This was due to the large amount of water required for steam treatment and HTC. A resource assessment of Uganda is reported, to which the energy demand calculator has been applied. Quantitative data are presented for agricultural residues, forestry residues, animal manure and aquatic weeds found within Uganda. In application to rural areas of Uganda, a linear Fresnel HTC integration shows to be the most practical fit. Integration with a low temperature steam treatment would require more solar input for less carbonization due to the energy required to vaporize liquid water.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of rice husk biochar via hydrothermal carbonization for wastewater treatment and biofuel production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Hossain ◽  
Sabzoi Nizamuddin ◽  
Gregory Griffin ◽  
Periasamy Selvakannan ◽  
Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Suspension Stability ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Rice Husk Biochar

Abstract The recent implication of circular economy in Australia spurred the demand for waste material utilization for value-added product generations on a commercial scale. Therefore, this experimental study emphasized on agricultural waste biomass, rice husk (RH) as potential feedstock to produce valuable products. Rice husk biochar (RB) was obtained at temperature: 180 °C, pressure: 70 bar, reaction time: 20 min with water via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and the obtained biochar yield was 57.9%. Enhancement of zeta potential value from − 30.1 to − 10.6 mV in RB presented the higher suspension stability, and improvement of surface area and porosity in RB demonstrated the wastewater adsorption capacity. Along with that, an increase of crystallinity in RB, 60.5%, also indicates the enhancement of the catalytic performance of the material significantly more favorable to improve the adsorption efficiency of transitional compounds. In contrast, an increase of the atomic O/C ratio in RB, 0.51 delineated high breakdown of the cellulosic component, which is favorable for biofuel purpose. 13.98% SiO2 reduction in RB confirmed ash content minimization and better quality of fuel properties. Therefore, the rice husk biochar through HTC can be considered a suitable material for further application to treat wastewater and generate bioenergy.

Virtual laboratory on biomass for energy generation

2016 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 3842-3851 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Redel-Macías ◽  
S. Pinzi ◽  
M.P. Martínez-Jiménez ◽  
G. Dorado ◽  
M.P. Dorado
Keyword(s):  
Energy Generation ◽  
Virtual Laboratory ◽  
Biomass For Energy

scholarly journals Experimental Study and Validation of a Kinetic Scheme for Hydrothermal Carbonization Reactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidel Vallejo ◽  
Luis A. Diaz-Robles ◽  
Jorge Poblete ◽  
Francisco Cubillos
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Kinetic Scheme ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Main Fraction ◽  
Exponential Factors ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Runs

This study presents a new kinetic scheme for the mass yield prediction of waste lignocellulosic biomasses treated by Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC). The proposed reactions are based on the decomposition, solubilization, and polymerization of each main fraction of the biomass: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The ash content was assumed to be inert. The kinetic parameters have been obtained by non-linear adjustment using a data set with 220 experimental runs collected from the literature. The results indicate that the pre-exponential factors range was from 7.33 x101 to 1.412x105 min-1, and activation energies were between 33.75 y 225.3 kJ/mol. A good fit is achieved between the observed and predicted data with an R2 of 0.81 and an RMSE of 7.7 %. The proposed scheme was validated with the experimental data obtained by the HTC of sawdust (Pinus radiata) and rapeseed (Brassica napus). The experiments were carried out at temperatures of 190, 220, and 250 &ordm;C and reaction times of 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The predicted values showed an average error of 2.3 and 3.5 %, respectively. Therefore, the kinetic scheme is a useful tool in the conversion analysis of waste biomass treated by HTC.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL MAGNETIC ADSORBENTS FROM COFFEE HUSKS BY HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Hien ◽  
Nguyen The Vu ◽  
Pham Huu Thien ◽  
Nguyen Dinh Thanh ◽  
Phan Dinh Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Magnetic Adsorbents ◽  
Magnetic Adsorption

Coffee husks are transformed into magnetic adsorption materials by the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method at low temperature (453 K) in the presence of iron (III) salt. For the capability of absorbing methylene blue, the absorbed content by biochar is 105.831 mg/g and by magnetic adsorption material is 263.158 mg/g. Absorption capacity are also described through isotherm Langmuir model. HTC can be seen as an alternative and effective approach in converting waste biomass into materials for wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Sustainable conversion of waste biomass using hydrothermal carbonization method

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Author(s):  
Jelena T. Petrović ◽  
Marija L. Mihajlović ◽  
Mirjana D. Stojanović ◽  
Marija R. Stanojević ◽  
Marija S. Petrović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Waste Biomass
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