scholarly journals Comparison of real-time models for high-fidelity hardware-in-the-loop catenary emulation in a high-dynamic pantograph test rig

2017 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 3290-3295
Author(s):  
Alexander Schirrer ◽  
Guilherme Aschauer ◽  
Stefan Jakubek
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
High Dynamic

High-fidelity real-time hardware-in-the-loop emulation of PMSM inverter drives

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Poon ◽  
Elaina Chai ◽  
Ivan Celanovic ◽  
Adrien Genic ◽  
Evgenije Adzic
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Hardware In The Loop

Near-Earth Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Sensor Suite Testing and Evaluation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vefa Narli ◽  
Paul Y. Oh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Math Model ◽  
The Real ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom ◽  
World Environment ◽  
Testing And Evaluation

This paper describes a test rig that is used to design and test sensor suites for unmanned air vehicles (UAV) operating in near-earth like environments such as forests, caves and urban canyons. The test rig employs a six degree-of-freedom gantry. Inside its workspace is a full-scale diorama of the environment. Surrounding the gantry are lamps, fans, and generators to reproduce lighting, rain and obscurants typical of such environments. A sensor pod is mounted at the gantry end-effector. The acquired data is fed into a high-fidelity math model of the real UAV. The output is then used to drive the gantry to move the sensor pod in the real world environment. The net effect is a hardware-in-the-loop system that emulates the real UAV’s motions and responses in near-Earth environments. The test rig is important because there is little to no data on sensor performance metrics of UAV in near-Earth environments.

Balancing the Speed and Fidelity of Automotive Powertrain Models Through Surrogation

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuji Kozaki ◽  
Hiroshi Mori ◽  
Hosam K. Fathy ◽  
Swaminathan Gopalswamy
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Torque Converter ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Automatic Transmissions ◽  
Automotive Powertrain ◽  
Vehicle Powertrain ◽  
Powertrain Design

The growing use of model-based engineering for powertrain design and validation imposes conflicting modeling requirements. Vehicle powertrain models must be accurate enough for design optimization, and fast enough for real-time verification on hardware-in-the-loop platforms. Because these two requirements conflict, one finds two families of powertrain models today: high-fidelity models and real-time models. Model surrogation can bridge the gap between these two families by extracting powertrain models accurate enough for optimization and fast enough for real time. This paper systematically derives surrogate torque converter, clutch friction, and clutch hydraulics models. Using these models, the simulation speeds for two automatic transmissions improve significantly without appreciable loss of accuracy.

Hardware-in-the-loop testing of bypass valve actuation system: Design and validation of a simplified real time model

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Pugi ◽  
Emanuele Galardi ◽  
Carlo Carcasci ◽  
Nicola Lucchesi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Texas Instrument ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Safety And Reliability

During the start-up and shut-down phases of steam power plants many components are subjected to pressure and temperature transients that have to be carefully regulated both for safety and reliability reasons. For this reason, there is a growing interest in the optimization of turbine bypass controllers and actuators which are mainly used to regulate the plant during this kind of operations. In this work, a numerically efficient model for real-time simulation of a steam plant is presented. In particular, a modular Simulink™ library of components such as valves, turbines, and heaters has been developed. In this way, it is possible to easily assemble and customize models able to simulate different plants and operating scenarios. The code, which is implemented for a fixed, discrete step solver, can be easily compiled for a RT target (such as a Texas Instrument DSP) in order to be executed in real time on a low-cost industrial hardware. The proposed model has been used for quite innovative applications such as the development of a hardware-in-the-loop test rig of turbine bypass controllers and valve positioners. Preliminary experimental activities and results of the proposed test rig developed for Velan ABV are introduced and discussed.

Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop Tool for a Fuel Cell Hybrid System Emulator Test Rig

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Caratozzolo ◽  
Mario L. Ferrari ◽  
Alberto Traverso ◽  
Aristide F. Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Time Model

The Thermochemical Power Group of the University of Genoa built a complete Hybrid System emulator test rig constituted by a 100 kW recuperated micro gas turbine, an anodic circuit (based on the coupling of a single stage ejector with a stainless steel vessel) and a cathodic modular volume (located between the recuperator outlet and combustor inlet). The system is sized to consider the coupling of the commercial micro turbine, operated at 62 kW load, and a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) to reach the overall electrical power output of 450 kW. The emulator test rig has been recently linked with a real-time model of the SOFC block. The model is used to simulate the complete thermodynamic and electrochemical behavior of a high temperature fuel cell based on solid oxide technology. The test rig coupled with the model generates a real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) facility for hybrid systems emulation. The model is constituted by a SOFC module, an anodic circuit with an ejector, a cathodic loop with a blower (for the recirculation) and a turbine module. Temperature, pressure and air mass flow rate at recuperator outlet (downstream of the compressor) and rotational speed of the machine are inputs from the plant to the model. The turbine outlet temperature (TOT) calculated by the model is fed to the machine control system and the turbine electric load is moved to match the model TOT value. In this work different tests were carried out to characterize the interaction between the experimental plant and the real-time model; double step and double ramp tests of current and fuel characterized the dynamic response of the system. The mGT power control system proved to be fast enough, compared to the slow thermal response of the SOFC stack, and reliable. The hybrid systems was operated at 90% of nominal power with about 56% of electrical efficiency based on natural gas LHV.

scholarly journals Power Hardware-in-the-Loop-Based Performance Analysis of Different Converter Controllers for Fast Active Power Regulation in Low-Inertia Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3274
Author(s):  
Jose Rueda Torres ◽  
Zameer Ahmad ◽  
Nidarshan Veera Kumar ◽  
Elyas Rakhshani ◽  
Ebrahim Adabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Digital Controllers ◽  
Power Regulation ◽  
The Impact

Future electrical power systems will be dominated by power electronic converters, which are deployed for the integration of renewable power plants, responsive demand, and different types of storage systems. The stability of such systems will strongly depend on the control strategies attached to the converters. In this context, laboratory-scale setups are becoming the key tools for prototyping and evaluating the performance and robustness of different converter technologies and control strategies. The performance evaluation of control strategies for dynamic frequency support using fast active power regulation (FAPR) requires the urgent development of a suitable power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) setup. In this paper, the most prominent emerging types of FAPR are selected and studied: droop-based FAPR, droop derivative-based FAPR, and virtual synchronous power (VSP)-based FAPR. A novel setup for PHIL-based performance evaluation of these strategies is proposed. The setup combines the advanced modeling and simulation functions of a real-time digital simulation platform (RTDS), an external programmable unit to implement the studied FAPR control strategies as digital controllers, and actual hardware. The hardware setup consists of a grid emulator to recreate the dynamic response as seen from the interface bus of the grid side converter of a power electronic-interfaced device (e.g., type-IV wind turbines), and a mockup voltage source converter (VSC, i.e., a device under test (DUT)). The DUT is virtually interfaced to one high-voltage bus of the electromagnetic transient (EMT) representation of a variant of the IEEE 9 bus test system, which has been modified to consider an operating condition with 52% of the total supply provided by wind power generation. The selected and programmed FAPR strategies are applied to the DUT, with the ultimate goal of ascertaining its feasibility and effectiveness with respect to the pure software-based EMT representation performed in real time. Particularly, the time-varying response of the active power injection by each FAPR control strategy and the impact on the instantaneous frequency excursions occurring in the frequency containment periods are analyzed. The performed tests show the degree of improvements on both the rate-of-change-of-frequency (RoCoF) and the maximum frequency excursion (e.g., nadir).

Design and development of a backstepping controller autopilot for fixed-wing UAVs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
D. Sartori ◽  
F. Quagliotti ◽  
M.J. Rutherford ◽  
K.P. Valavanis
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Parametric Uncertainties ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Aircraft Control ◽  
Backstepping Approach ◽  
Small Uav ◽  
Backstepping Controller ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Performance Results

Abstract Backstepping represents a promising control law for fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Its non-linearity and its adaptation capabilities guarantee adequate control performance over the whole flight envelope, even when the aircraft model is affected by parametric uncertainties. In the literature, several works apply backstepping controllers to various aspects of fixed-wing UAV flight. Unfortunately, many of them have not been implemented in a real-time controller, and only few attempt simultaneous longitudinal and lateral–directional aircraft control. In this paper, an existing backstepping approach able to control longitudinal and lateral–directional motions is adapted for the definition of a control strategy suitable for small UAV autopilots. Rapidly changing inner-loop variables are controlled with non-adaptive backstepping, while slower outer loop navigation variables are Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controlled. The controller is evaluated through numerical simulations for two very diverse fixed-wing aircraft performing complex manoeuvres. The controller behaviour with model parametric uncertainties or in presence of noise is also tested. The performance results of a real-time implementation on a microcontroller are evaluated through hardware-in-the-loop simulation.

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