scholarly journals Vulnerability Analysis of the Urban Environments to Different Seismic Scenarios: Residential Buildings and Associated Population Distribution Modelling through Integrating Dasymetric Mapping Method and GIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 454-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Agha Ali Mesgar ◽  
Parham Jalilvand
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Vulnerability Analysis ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Dasymetric Mapping ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Seismic Scenarios

scholarly journals Modelling the spatial distribution of Vojvodina’s population by using dasymetric method

Spatium ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Krunic ◽  
Branislav Bajat ◽  
Milan Kilibarda ◽  
Dragutin Tosic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Dasymetric Mapping ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Choropleth Mapping ◽  
Modern Geography

Cartographic presentation of heterogeneity/homogeneity in the spatial distribution of population is still a major problem in modern geography, and other geo-sciences as well. The traditional method of thematic or choropleth mapping rarely gives satisfactory results. This paper analyzes the applicability of dasymetric mapping method for the modelling of spatial distribution of population. Although it is a relatively old method, it becomes widely used following the development of computer technology, GIS and satellite imagery, and its applicability is increasing in social, economic and other sciences and disciplines. After showing the basis and development of dasymetric mapping, the authors present possible application of this method in the population distribution modelling of Vojvodina.

scholarly journals Estimating Hilly Areas Population Using a Dasymetric Mapping Approach: A Case of Sri Lanka’s Highest Mountain Range

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda Karunarathne ◽  
Gunhak Lee
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Dasymetric Mapping ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Hilly Area ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Gis Environment

Since populations in the developing world have been rapidly increasing, accurately determining the population distribution is becoming more critical for many countries. One of the most widely used population density estimation methods is dasymetric mapping. This can be defined as a precise method for areal interpolation between different spatial units. In most applications of dasymetric mapping, land use and land cover data have been considered as ancillary data for the areal disaggregation process. This research presents an alternative dasymetric approach using area specific ancillary data for hilly area population mapping in a GIS environment. Specifically, we propose a Hilly Area Dasymetric Mapping (HDM) technique by combining topographic variables and land use to better disaggregate hilly area population distribution at fine-grain division of ancillary units. Empirical results for Sri Lanka’s highest mountain range show that the combined dasymetric approach estimates hilly area population most accurately and because of the significant association that is found to exist between topographic variables and population distribution within this setting. This research is expected to have significant implications for national and regional planning by providing useful information about actual population distributions in environmentally hazardous and sparsely populated areas.

scholarly journals Building Stability On Permafrost In Vorkuta, Russia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Kotov ◽  
V. Z. Khilimonyuk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
Infrastructure Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The Infrastructure stability on permafrost is currently an important topic as the Arctic countries are developing climate change adaptation and mitigation programs. Assessing the sustainability of infrastructure facilities (especially in urban environments) is a difficult task as it depends on many parameters. This article discusses the city of Vorkuta, which is located in the northwest of Russia. This city differs from many others built on permafrost because most of buildings were built according to Principle II (The Active Method) of construction on permafrost with thawing soil prior to construction. Assessments of the engineering and geocryological conditions, basic principles of construction in the city, and reasons for building failures, were carried out within this study. The research is based on publications, open data about buildings, and visual observations in Vorkuta. About 800 buildings are in use in Vorkuta in 2020 (43% of what it was 50 years ago). According to the analysis, about 800 houses have been demolished or disconnected from utility lines over the past 50 years (about 250 of these are still standing, pending demolition). Since 1994, the construction of new residential buildings has almost stopped. Therefore, buildings that have been in use for over 50 years will account for 90% of the total residential housing stock by 2040. The effects of climate change in the city will depend primarily on the principle of construction employed and on the geocryological conditions of the district. Buildings constructed according to Principle I (The Passive Method) were found to be more vulnerable due to a decrease in permafrost bearing capacity. The impact of increasing air temperature on some of the buildings built on bedrock (the central part of the city) and some built on thawing soil will be minimal, as other factors are more significant.

scholarly journals Numbers, distribution and nest site characteristics of Jackdaw Corvus monedula in Slovenia and its conservation status

Acrocephalus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (170-171) ◽  
pp. 123-150
Author(s):  
Luka Božič
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Nest Site Selection ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Corvus Monedula

Abstract In 2008, a coordinated census of Jackdaw Corvus monedula was carried out to assess breeding population, distribution and nest site selection in Slovenia. Data collection continued for unsurveyed areas in the 2009-2011 period, including information on former colonies and threats. A total of 663-794 Jackdaw pairs were recorded at 86 sites, while total Slovene breeding population was estimated to be in the range of 700-900 pairs. Over one third of pairs were recorded in Central Slovenia, notably the largest city Ljubljana (20.8%), followed by almost a quarter in the Podravje region. Most colonies numbered between 2 and 5 pairs, the largest occupying the Bežigrad district of Ljubljana (82-87 pairs). Large-scale density in geographically more or less uniform areas ranged from 3.65 pairs/10 km2 in the Sava plain to 0.15 pairs/10 km2 in mostly mountainous area in northern Slovenia. The majority of Jackdaws selected buildings for nesting (82.2% of pairs), while nesting in trees occurred less frequently (14.7%) and was almost entirely confined to the two easternmost regions of Slovenia. Nesting in cliffs was recorded at just two sites in Slovene Istria (3.1%). Average colony size differed significantly in relation to nest site type, with colonies in rock walls being on average the largest (median = 9.5 pairs), followed by colonies on buildings (6) and those in trees the smallest (3). Among pairs nesting on buildings, multi-storey residential buildings predominated (34.2%). A substantial percentage of population nested also on churches and tower blocks (14.4% and 13.5%, respectively). The highest percentage of pairs utilised holes in roofs (26.9%), followed by eaves (18.0%) and chimney pots (14.7%). Tree-nesting pairs occupied mostly small woods situated in open agricultural landscape. The most commonly used tree species was Beech Fagus sylvatica (53.1% of pairs) which hosted 14 of the total 16 forest colonies. For Jackdaws nesting in urban parks and avenues, plane trees Platanus sp. were the most important (30.6% of pairs). Their population stronghold was in lowlands, with 88.1% of pairs recorded at elevations under 400 m and the highest living colony in Slovenia at 578 m a.s.l. Jackdaws occurred on at least 54 specific sites in the past but became extinct there or declined severely by the time of this study. A minimum of 217-254 pairs were estimated lost at these sites, constituting a decline of 24% in c. 10-20 years. According to the IUCN criteria, Jackdaw would qualify as Vulnerable (VU) on the Red List of Slovenia. The commonest known cause of extinction/decline is renovation of buildings, a threat that is projected to escalate in the near future.

scholarly journals Pond dyes are Culex mosquito oviposition attractants

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natali Ortiz Perea ◽  
Amanda Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Oviposition Choice ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
Seasonal Analysis

Background British mosquito population distribution, abundance, species composition and potential for mosquito disease transmission are intimately linked to the physical environment. The presence of ponds and water storage can significantly increase the density of particular mosquito species in the garden. Culex pipiens is the mosquito most commonly found in UK gardens and a potential vector of West Nile Virus WNV, although the current risk of transmission is low. However any factors that significantly change the distribution and population of C. pipiens are likely to impact subsequent risk of disease transmission. Pond dyes are used to control algal growth and improve aesthetics of still water reflecting surrounding planting. However, it is well documented that females of some species of mosquito prefer to lay eggs in dark water and/or containers of different colours and we predict that dyed ponds will be attractive to Culex mosquitoes. Methods Black pond dye was used in oviposition choice tests using wild-caught gravid C. pipiens. Larvae from wild-caught C. pipiens were also reared in the pond dye to determine whether it had any impact on survival. An emergence trap caught any adults that emerged from the water. Water butts (80 L) were positioned around university glasshouses and woodland and treated with black pond dye or left undyed. Weekly sampling over a six month period through summer and autumn was performed to quantified numbers of larvae and pupae in each treatment and habitat. Results Gravid female Culex mosquitoes preferred to lay eggs in dyed water. This was highly significant in tests conducted under laboratory conditions and in a semi-field choice test. Despite this, survivorship in black dyed water was significantly reduced compared to undyed water. Seasonal analysis of wild larval and pupal numbers in two habitats with and without dye showed no impact of dye but a significant impact of season and habitat. Mosquitoes were more successful, with significantly higher numbers of pupae, in the habitat where they had vegetation cover and shade. Discussion Our study has raised some interesting possibilities; one is that where used, pond dyes may be encouraging mosquitoes to breed in gardens in close proximity to people. Considering the concerns over potential future spread of disease in urban environments, this as well as shading of ponds and water butts, should inform future advice over reducing mosquito breeding and spread.

scholarly journals Can pond dyes help to control mosquitoes in urban gardens?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natali Ortiz Perea ◽  
Amanda Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Oviposition Choice ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
Seasonal Analysis

Background British mosquito population distribution, abundance, species composition and potential for mosquito disease transmission are intimately linked to the physical environment. The presence of ponds and water storage can significantly increase the density of particular mosquito species in the garden. Culex pipiens is the mosquito most commonly found in UK gardens and a potential vector of West Nile Virus WNV, although the current risk of transmission is low. However any factors that significantly change the distribution and population of Cx pipiens are likely to impact subsequent risk of disease transmission. Pond dyes are used to control algal growth and improve aesthetics of still water reflecting surrounding planting. However it is well documented that females of some species of mosquito prefer to lay eggs in dark water and/or containers of different colours and we predict that dyed ponds will be attractive to Culex mosquitoes. Methods Black pond dye was used in oviposition choice tests using wild-caught gravid Cx pipiens. Larvae from wild-caught Cx pipiens were also reared in the pond dye to determine whether it had any impact on survival. An emergence trap caught any adults that emerged from the water. Water butts (80L) were positioned around university glasshouses and woodland and treated with black pond dye or left undyed. Weekly sampling over a 6 month period through summer and autumn was performed to quantified numbers of larvae and pupae in each treatment and habitat. Results Gravid female Culex mosquitoes preferred to lay eggs in dyed water. This was highly significant in tests conducted under laboratory conditions and in a semi-field choice test. Despite this, survivorship in black dyed water was significantly reduced compared to undyed water. Seasonal analysis of wild larval and pupal numbers in two habitats with and without dye showed no impact of dye but a significant impact of season and habitat. Mosquitoes were more successful, with significantly higher numbers of pupae, in the habitat where they had vegetation cover and shade. Discussion Our study has raised some interesting possibilities. One is that where used, pond dyes may be encouraging mosquitoes to breed in gardens in close proximity to people. Considering the concerns over potential future spread of disease in urban environments, this as well as shading of ponds and water butts, should inform future advice over reducing mosquito breeding and spread.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulations and Empirical Data for the Evaluation of Daylight Factors in Existing Buildings in Sweden

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Eriksson ◽  
Lovisa Waldenström ◽  
Max Tillberg ◽  
Magnus Österbring ◽  
Angela Sasic Kalagasidis
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Building Shape ◽  
Architectural Styles

Point Daylight Factor (DFP) has been used for daylighting design in Sweden for more than 40 years. Progressive densification of urban environments, in combination with stricter regulations on energy performance and indoor environmental quality of buildings, creates complex daylight design challenges that cannot be adequately solved with DFP. To support a development of the current and future daylight indicators in the Swedish context, the authors have developed a comprehensive methodology for the evaluation of daylight levels in existing buildings. The methodology comprises sample buildings of various use and their digital replicas in 3D, detailed numerical simulations and correlations of diverse DF metrics in existing buildings, a field investigation on residents’ satisfaction with available daylight levels in their homes, and a comparison between the numerical and experimental data. The study was deliberately limited to the evaluation of DF metrics for their intuitive understanding and easy evaluation in real design projects. The sample buildings represent typical architectural styles and building technologies between 1887 and 2013 in Gothenburg and include eight residential buildings, two office buildings, two schools, two student apartment buildings, and two hospitals. Although the simulated DFP is 1.4% on average, i.e., above the required 1%, large variations have been found between the studied 1200 rooms. The empirical data generally support the findings from the numerical simulations, but also bring unique insights in the residences’ preferences for rooms with good daylight. The most remarkable result is related to kitchens, typically the spaces with the lowest DF values, based on simulations, while the residents wish them to be the spaces with the most daylight. Finally, the work introduces a new DF metric, denoted DFW, which allows daylighting design in early stages when only limited data on the building shape and windows’ arrangement are available.

scholarly journals Urban Entertainment Center (UEC) as a Redevelopment Strategy for Large-Scale Post-Industrial Sites in Seoul: Between Public Policy and Privatization of Planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il Lee ◽  
Soe Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Post Industrial

The decline of inner-city manufacturing industries is a global phenomenon, leaving behind vacant land and brownfield sites in cities. These post-industrial areas with their negative images of dereliction and obsolete urban environments have prompted many cities to implement various redevelopment strategies, among which is the concept of the Urban Entertainment Center (UEC), which combines shopping, recreation, and entertainment, with various public spaces. This study attempts to understand the changes that have been triggered by the revitalization strategy of UEC development in large-scale post-industrial sites in Seoul. Here, Special Planning District (SPD) regulation has been adopted to induce creative and long-term urban developments; however, this has been limited to private high-rise residential buildings. This paper examines two UEC development cases applied along with the SPD in semi-industrial areas for their achievements that differ from former implementations. Our analysis reveals several positive aspects: it provides a sustainable urban infrastructure for the region, overcomes the limitations of the SPD regulation practice, and establishes improved urban environment and design quality oriented toward public interest. The “privatization of planning” has become an issue in redevelopment projects. However, the two UEC precedents that are discussed imply that building cooperative public–private partnerships through a reciprocal process will secure more public benefit overall.

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