scholarly journals Influence of Inorganic Salts on the Rejection and Transport of Organic Compounds through a Reverse Osmosis Membrane

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 2017-2019
Author(s):  
P.I.C. Oliveira ◽  
S. Velizarov ◽  
J.G. Crespo ◽  
C.A.M. Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane

The role of membrane ξ-potential in solute rejection by low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
H. Ozaki ◽  
N. Ikejima ◽  
S. Matsui ◽  
Y. Terashima ◽  
S. Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
High Water ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment

A new generation of reverse osmosis membranes, low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) membranes, have been developed for operation under very low pressure (below 0.5 MPa). LPRO membranes have received attention especially for their application in the field of water and wastewater treatment, to provide a high water flux at low operating pressure while maintaining very good rejection levels of salts and organics. Our previous work on LPRO has shown that the rejection of some inorganic salts and organic compounds depends appreciably on the pH of the bulk solution, probably because LPRO membranes can have an electric charge. In this study we investigated experimentally the effectiveness of different LPRO membranes in separating inorganic salts and organic compounds from a bulk solution with different pH conditions. We also tried to measure membrane ξ-potential by using a streaming potential method. The results indicated that the membrane ξ-potential as well as the ion size or molecular weight of organics can be considered key factors in the rejection of ionic salts and dissociated organic compounds including pesticides and endocrine disruptors.

Cellulose Acetate Reverse Osmosis Membrane Structure

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 528-529
Author(s):  
H. K. Plummer ◽  
E. Eichen ◽  
C. D. Melvin
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Water Removal ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Scanning Electron

Much of the work reported in the literature on cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes has raised new and important questions with regard to the dense or “active” layer of these membranes. Several thickness values and structures have been attributed to the dense layer. To ensure the correct interpretation of the cellulose acetate structure thirteen different preparative techniques have been used in this investigation. These thirteen methods included various combinations of water substitution, freeze drying, freeze sectioning, fracturing, embedding, and microtomy techniques with both transmission and scanning electron microscope observations.It was observed that several factors can cause a distortion of the structure during sample preparation. The most obvious problem of water removal can cause swelling, shrinking, and folds. Improper removal of embedding materials, when used, can cause a loss of electron image contrast and, or structure which could hinder interpretation.

Novel Magnetic Resonance Measurements of Fouling in Operating Spiral Wound Reverse Osmosis Membrane Modules

2021 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 117006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas W. Bristow ◽  
Sarah J. Vogt ◽  
Szilard S. Bucs ◽  
Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder ◽  
Michael L. Johns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Membrane Modules ◽  
Spiral Wound

scholarly journals Antifouling and Flux Enhancement of Reverse Osmosis Membrane by Grafting Poly (3-Sulfopropyl Methacrylate) Brushes

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Reema Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Asad Abbas ◽  
Shehla Mushtaq ◽  
Nasir M. Ahmad ◽  
Niaz Ali Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Polymer Brushes ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Optical Profilometry ◽  
Thin Film Composite ◽  
Membrane Sample ◽  
Contact Angle Analysis ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

A commercial thin film composite (TFC) polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis membrane was grafted with 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium (SPMK) to produce PA-g-SPMK by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The grafting of PA was done at varied concentrations of SPMK, and its effect on the surface composition and morphology was studied by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), optical profilometry, and contact angle analysis. The grafting of hydrophilic ionically charged PSPMK polymer brushes having acrylate and sulfonate groups resulted in enhanced hydrophilicity rendering a reduction of contact angle from 58° of pristine membrane sample labeled as MH0 to 10° for a modified membrane sample labeled as MH3. Due to the increased hydrophilicity, the flux rate rises from 57.1 L m−2 h−1 to 71.2 L m−2 h−1, and 99% resistance against microbial adhesion (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) was obtained for MH3 after modification

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