scholarly journals The Characteristics of Annual Water Consumption for Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in North China Plain

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanlei Kong ◽  
Wantao Cai ◽  
Leigang Shi ◽  
Fu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Annual Water

scholarly journals Will Maize-Based Cropping Systems Reduce Water Consumption without Compromise of Food Security in the North China Plain?

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2946
Author(s):  
Jia Yang ◽  
Jixiao Cui ◽  
Ziqin Lv ◽  
Mengmeng Ran ◽  
Beibei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
The North ◽  
Spring Maize ◽  
Supply Capacity

The winter wheat–summer maize double cropping system caused overexploitation of groundwater in the North China Plain; it is unsustainable and threatens food security and the overall wellbeing of humankind in the region. Finding water-saving cropping systems without compromising food security is a more likely solution. In this study, six alternative cropping systems’ water conservation and food supply capacity were compared simultaneously. A combined water footprint method was applied to analyze the cropping systems’ water consumption. The winter wheat–summer maize system had the largest water consumption (16,585 m3/ha on average), followed by the potato/spring maize, spinach–spring maize, rye–spring maize, vetch–spring maize, pea/spring maize, soybean||spring maize and mono-spring maize cropping systems. For the groundwater, the spinach–spring maize, pea/spring maize, soybean||spring maize systems showed a higher degree of synchronization between crop growth period and rainfall, which could reduce use of groundwater by 36.8%, 54.4% and 57.6%, respectively. For food supply capacity, the values for spinach–spring maize, pea/spring maize, soybean||spring maize systems were 73.0%, 60.8% and 48.4% of winter wheat–summer maize, respectively, but they showed a better feeding efficiency than the winter wheat–summer maize system. On the whole, spinach–spring maize may be a good option to prevent further decline in groundwater level and to ensure food security in a sustainable way.

scholarly journals Does Crop Rotation Enhance Groundwater Health? A Review of the Winter Wheat Fallow Policy in the North China Plain

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2416
Author(s):  
Ming Lei ◽  
Yuqian Zhang ◽  
Yuxuan Dang ◽  
Xiangbin Kong ◽  
Jingtao Yao
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
The World ◽  
Shallow Groundwater Level

Agricultural water management is a vital component of realizing the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals because of water shortages worldwide leading to a severe threat to ecological environments and global food security. As an agro-intensified irrigation area, the North China Plain (NCP) is the most important grain basket in China, which produces 30%–40% of the maize and 60%–80% of the wheat for China. However, this area has already been one of the largest groundwater funnels in the world due to long-term over-exploitation of groundwater. Due to the low precipitation during the growing period, winter wheat requires a large amount of groundwater to be pumped for irrigation, which consumes 70% of the groundwater irrigation. To alleviate the overexploitation of groundwater, the Chinese government implemented the Winter Wheat Fallow Policy (WWFP) in 2014. The evaluation and summarization of the WWFP will be beneficial for improving the groundwater overexploitation areas under high-intensity irrigation over all the world. So far, there have been few attempts at estimating the effectiveness of this policy. To fill this gap, we assessed the planting area of field crops and calculated the evapotranspiration of crops based on remote-sensed and meteorological data in the key area—Hengshui. We compared the agricultural water consumption before and after the implementation of this policy, and we analyzed the relationship between changes in crop planting structure and groundwater variations based on geographically weighted regression. Our results showed the overall classification accuracies for 2013 and 2015 were 85.56% and 82.22%, respectively. The planting area of winter wheat, as the most reduced crop, decreased from 35.71% (314,053 ha) in 2013 to 32.98% (289,986 ha) in 2015. The actual reduction in area of winter wheat reached 84% of the target (26 thousand ha) of the WWFP. The water consumption of major crops decreased from 2.98 billion m3 of water in 2013 to 2.83 billion m3 in 2015, a total reduction of 146 million m3, and 88.43% of reduced target of the WWFP (166 million m3). The planting changes of winter wheat did not directly affect the change of shallow groundwater level, but ET was positively related to shallow groundwater level and precipitation was negatively related to shallow groundwater levels. This study can provide a basis for the WWFP’s improvement and the development of sustainable agriculture in high-intensity irrigation areas.

scholarly journals HYDRUS Simulation of Sustainable Brackish Water Irrigation in a Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System in the North China Plain

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangkang He ◽  
Yonghui Yang ◽  
Yanmin Yang ◽  
Suying Chen ◽  
Qiuli Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
The North ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
The North China Plain
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