scholarly journals Quasi-Static Loading Investigation of a 3-Year-Old Cervical Spine Biomechanics

2019 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 777-782
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Ze Mi ◽  
Xian Ping Du ◽  
Yin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Spine Biomechanics

The Second Stiffest Axis of a Beam-Column: Implications for Cervical Spine Trauma

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. King Liu ◽  
Q. Guo Dai
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Cervical Spine Trauma ◽  
Stiffness Ratio ◽  
Spine Trauma ◽  
Idealized Model ◽  
Safe Load

Based on an idealized model of a homogeneous, isotropic beam-column, the second stiffest axis under static loading was derived. The maximum allowable force for the second stiffest axis was then examined. The ratio of the maximum allowable forces of the second stiffest axis to the stiffest axis was established. The stiffness ratio of the second stiffest axis to the stiffest axis was also found. Taking buckling into consideration, the safe load region for all possible acting directions was derived. The implications of the idealized model for cervical spine trauma are discussed.

Inertial Loading of the Human Cervical Spine

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yoganandan ◽  
F. A. Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Spine Biomechanics ◽  
Human Cadaver ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Inertial Loading ◽  
Flexion And Extension

While the majority of experimental cervical spine biomechanics research has been conducted using slowly applied forces and/or moments, or dynamically applied forces with contact, little research has been performed to delineate the biomechanics of the human neck under inertial “noncontact” type forces. This study was designed to develop a comprehensive methodology to induce these loads. A minisled pendulum experimental setup was designed to test specimens (such as human cadaver neck) at subfailure or failure levels under different loading modalities including flexion, extension, and lateral bending. The system allows acceleration/deceleration input with varying wave form shapes. The test setup dynamically records the input and output strength information such as forces, accelerations, moments, and angular velocities; it also has the flexibility to obtain the temporal overall and local kinematic data of the cervical spine components at every vertebral level. These data will permit a complete biomechanical structural analysis. In this paper, the feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated by subjecting a human cadaver head-neck complex with intact musculature and skin under inertial flexion and extension whiplash loading at two velocities.

Influence of Laminotomies and Laminectomies on Cervical Spine Biomechanics under Combined Flexion-Extension

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wan Ng ◽  
Ee-Chon Teo ◽  
QingHang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Spine Biomechanics ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Biomechanical Responses ◽  
Biomechanical Changes

Posterior decompressive techniques including one- and two-level laminotomies and laminectomies are often used in treating cervical stenosis. Previously, several in vitro studies were conducted to help us understand the biomechanical changes occurring in the cervical spine after these surgical techniques. However, changes in the intersegmental flexibility under combined flexion-extension remain unclear. In this study, a 3-D nonlinear intact model of the C2–C7 was developed to evaluate the influence of one- and two-level laminotomies and laminectomies on the intersegmental moment rotational responses and internal stresses. The intact model was validated by comparing the predicted responses against experimental data. The validated model was then modified to simulate various surgical techniques for finite element analysis. Results showed that one- and two-level laminectomies increase the C2–C7 rotation motions by about 15% and 20%, respectively. The predicted increase in rotational motions also correlated well with the published data. Furthermore, results indicated that laminectomies would influence the biomechanical responses on both the affected and adjacent motion segments. In contrast, laminotomies have no significant effects on cervical biomechanics. To conduct a one-level laminectomy study, current findings indicate that it takes at least five motion segments to capture the immediate postsurgical biomechanical changes accurately and realistically. Minimally invasive cervical spine surgeries with one- or two-level laminotomies are preferred over one- and two-level laminectomies. Also, there is no consideration as to the efficacy of the two techniques in decompressing the spinal cord or nerve roots, which is the goal of the surgery, but is not examined in this study.

The influence of the axial, antero-posterior and lateral positions of the center of rotation of a ball-and-socket disc prosthesis on the cervical spine biomechanics

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Galbusera ◽  
Federica Anasetti ◽  
Chiara Maria Bellini ◽  
Francesco Costa ◽  
Maurizio Fornari
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Spine Biomechanics ◽  
Disc Prosthesis ◽  
Center Of Rotation

The Effect of Compression Applied Through Constrained Lateral Eccentricity on the Failure Mechanics and Flexibility of the Human Cervical Spine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Melnyk ◽  
Tom Whyte ◽  
Vanessa Thomson ◽  
Travis Marion ◽  
Shun Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Spine Biomechanics ◽  
High Eccentricity ◽  
Asymmetric Pattern ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bony Injury

Abstract In contrast to sagittal plane spine biomechanics, little is known about the response of the cervical spine to axial compression with lateral eccentricity of the applied force. This study evaluated the effect of lateral eccentricity on kinetics, kinematics, canal occlusion, injuries and flexibility of the cervical spine in translationally-constrained axial impacts. Eighteen functional spinal units were subjected to flexibility tests before and after an impact. Impact axial compression was applied at one of three lateral eccentricity levels based on percentage of vertebral body width (low = 5%, medium = 50%, high = 150%). Injuries were graded by dissection. Correlations between intrinsic specimen properties and injury scores were examined for each eccentricity group. Low lateral force eccentricity produced predominantly bone injuries, clinically recognised as compression injuries, while medium and high eccentricity produced mostly contralateral ligament and/or disc injuries, an asymmetric pattern typical of lateral loading. Mean compression force at injury decreased with increasing lateral eccentricity (low = 3098 N, medium = 2337 N and high = 683 N). Mean ipsilateral bending moments at injury were higher at medium (28.3 Nm) and high (22.9 Nm) eccentricity compared to low eccentricity specimens (0.1 Nm), p<0.05. Ipsilateral bony injury was related to vertebral body area (r = -0.974, p = 0.001) and disc degeneration (r = 0.851, p = 0.032) at medium eccentricity. Facet degeneration was correlated with central bony injury at high eccentricity (r = 0.834, p = 0.036). These results deepen cervical spine biomechanics knowledge in circumstances with coronal plane loads.

scholarly journals P.142 The effect of modern technology on cervical spine biomechanics. Literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (s2) ◽  
pp. S54-S54
Author(s):  
Ns Alshafai ◽  
W Aldhafeeri
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Spine Biomechanics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
High Cervical

Background: The use of smartphones has increased drastically over the last decade. Improper posture, and excessive use have raised concerns about their effect on cervical spine health. Methods: -MEDLINE database was searched for articles using the keywords: neck pain, musculoskeletal symptoms, cervical spine, cervical -biomechanics, mobile phone, cell phone, smart phone, smartphone, mobile device, touchscreen phone. Full-text Articles from 1990 to 2017 were included. Statistical comparisons and tables are provided when appropriate. Results: 43 articles were included for review. First article was published in 2002. Majority of studies were published between 2010 – 2017 (36 vs. 5 in 2000-2010). Studies included were of cross-sectional, experimental, or systemic review design. No longitudinal studies were identified. We categorized articles into 5 subgroups; we found 14 biomechanical studies, 10 electromyographic studies, 5 ergonomical studies, 14 clinical studies, and no surgical studies. Conclusions: Text-neck posture leads to significant changes in cervical spine biomechanics. Increased compressive load, antero-posterior shear load, and high cervical extensor muscles activity were associated with forward flexed neck posture adapted by smartphones users. Neurosurgeons need to take the abnormal posture and load distribution into consideration when planning for surgical interventions, especially in young adults with history of excessive use of smartphones.

scholarly journals Cervical spine biomechanics: A review of the literature

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. Huelke ◽  
Guy S. Nusholtz
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Spine Biomechanics ◽  
Review Of The Literature
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