scholarly journals Predicting the induction hardened case in 42CrMo4 cylinders

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maialen Areitioaurtena ◽  
Unai Segurajauregi ◽  
Iker Urresti ◽  
Martin Fisk ◽  
Eneko Ukar
Keyword(s):  
Hardened Case

scholarly journals X-ray Determination of Compressive Residual Stresses in Spring Steel Generated by High-Speed Water Quenching

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Diego E. Lozano ◽  
George E. Totten ◽  
Yaneth Bedolla-Gil ◽  
Martha Guerrero-Mata ◽  
Marcel Carpio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Chamber ◽  
Hardened Case ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses

Automotive components manufacturers use the 5160 steel in leaf and coil springs. The industrial heat treatment process consists in austenitizing followed by the oil quenching and tempering process. Typically, compressive residual stresses are induced by shot peening on the surface of automotive springs to bestow compressive residual stresses that improve the fatigue resistance and increase the service life of the parts after heat treatment. In this work, a high-speed quenching was used to achieve compressive residual stresses on the surface of AISI/SAE 5160 steel samples by producing high thermal gradients and interrupting the cooling in order to generate a case-core microstructure. A special laboratory equipment was designed and built, which uses water as the quenching media in a high-speed water chamber. The severity of the cooling was characterized with embedded thermocouples to obtain the cooling curves at different depths from the surface. Samples were cooled for various times to produce different hardened case depths. The microstructure of specimens was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to estimate the magnitude of residual stresses on the surface of the specimens. Compressive residual stresses at the surface and sub-surface of about −700 MPa were obtained.

CBS-1000M VIM-VAR

Alloy Digest ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treating ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Vacuum Arc Remelting ◽  
Crack Propagation Resistance ◽  
Gear Steel ◽  
Hardened Case ◽  
Bearing Alloy

Abstract CBS-1000M VIM-VAR is a carburizing bearing and gear steel designed for service up to 800 F(427 C). It is produced by vacuum induction melting followed by vacuum arc remelting to provide optimum strength, ductility, fatigue life and fracture toughness. The hardened case properties match those of M-50 VIM-VAR through-hardening bearing alloy while core properties provide good impact and crack propagation resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and shear strength. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: SA-450. Producer or source: Latrobe Steel Company.

A semi-empirical method for predicting hardened case depths in laser heat treating

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. De Pascale ◽  
C. Esposito ◽  
P. Boffi ◽  
M. Lepore
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treating ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Laser Heat ◽  
Hardened Case ◽  
Semi Empirical

A Multi-Method Analysis of Carburized Materials: Accurately Measuring the Carbon Gradient and Comparisons to Physical Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen C. Metz ◽  
Dave B. Coulston ◽  
Andrew P. Storey ◽  
Lloyd A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Glow Discharge Spectroscopy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hardened Case ◽  
Complementary Techniques

Abstract Carburization is a common method of hardening steel surfaces to be wear-resistant for a wide range of mechanical processes. One critical characteristic of the carburization process is the increase in carbon content that leads to the formation of martensite in the surface layer. Combustion and spark-OES are two common methods for determination of carbon in steels. However, these techniques do not effectively separate carbon from near surface contaminants, carburized layers, and base material composition. Careful consideration of glow discharge spectroscopy as a method of precisely characterizing carbon concentration in surface layers as part of a production process should be evaluated in terms of how the resulting data align with other common analytical and metallurgical measurements. When used together, glow discharge spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and microhardness testing are all useful, complementary techniques for characterizing the elemental composition, visually observable changes in material composition, and changes in surface hardness throughout the hardened case, respectively. Close agreement between related measurements can be used to support the use of each of these techniques as part of a strong quality program for heat treatment facilities.

WATERDIE EXTRA

Alloy Digest ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Added Resistance ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Large Section ◽  
Hardened Case ◽  
Quality Water

Abstract WATERDIE EXTRA is a high-quality water-hardening tool steel alloyed with chromium to give increased depth of hardened case with added resistance to abrasion. When quenched in water or brine, it develops a deep, uniform high-hardness case with a tough shock-dampening core. This steel gives outstanding performance in large-section tools and dies that demand the strength of an extra-deep hardened case backed by a tough core. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-477. Producer or source: Columbia Tool Steel Company.

Ultrasonic Testing for the Hardened Layer Depth of Induction Quenched 20CrMo Axle

2014 ◽  
Vol 668-669 ◽  
pp. 302-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yuan Fan
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hardened Case ◽  
Quenching Method ◽  
Method Show ◽  
Surface Hardened Layer ◽  
High Frequency Induction

The interface between the surface hardened layer and the base layer would produce while the 20CrMo axis is treated with high frequency induction quenching method; therefore, the hardened case depth can be measured by high frequency ultrasonic wave based on the echo technique. The test results compared with those from the metallographic method show good qualitative agreements.

Acceleration of the carburizing process and improving the quality of the hardened case of gears

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-261
Author(s):  
A. V. Pozharskii ◽  
S. A. Pegisheva ◽  
L. M. Semenova ◽  
O. N. Rozina ◽  
V. V. Korotkii
Keyword(s):  
Hardened Case ◽  
Carburizing Process
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document