In-plane flexure-based clamp

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 658-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shorya Awtar ◽  
Jason Meyer Quint
Keyword(s):  
Plane Flexure

Failure of GRP Pipe Bends Under Out-of-Plane Flexure with and Without Pressure

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
R Kitching ◽  
P Myler
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Failure Loads ◽  
Smooth Pipe ◽  
Plane Bending ◽  
Chopped Strand Mat ◽  
Plane Flexure

Tests to failure have been carried out on six smooth pipe bends constructed by hand lay-up from polyester resin and glass in the form of chopped strand mat. The failure loads under out-of-plane bending only are compared with those where this type of loading is combined with internal pressure. The results are discussed in relation to the design procedure adopted in BS 7159: 1989.

GRP pipe bends subjected to out-of-plane flexure with and without pressure

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kitching ◽  
P Myler ◽  
A L Tan
Keyword(s):  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Bending Stress ◽  
Bend Radius ◽  
Pipe Bend ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Chopped Strand Mat ◽  
Plane Flexure ◽  
Typical Design

Out-of-plane bending tests were carried out on eight E-glass reinforced polytester resin, 90 degree pipe bends of 250 mm diameter and 250 mm bend radius. Each bend specimen tested had 1175 mm long tangent pipes attached, and construction was by hand lay-up, the glass being in the form of chopped strand mat (either 2.4 kg/m2 or 3.6 kg/m2). In all cases low loads were applied so that deformations were sensibly linear. Strains and displacements were measured and distributions were compared with estimates calculated from pipe bend theory for isotropic materials under plane stress, but modified for composites by using separate moduli for direct and bending stress conditions. Further measurements were taken for internal pressure (only) loadings on five of the specimens, and finally for out-of-plane flexure loading combined with constant pressure. Again measured values were compared with theory. Results are discussed in relation to a typical design procedure for such pipe components.

scholarly journals Modelling of Auxetic Foam Embedded Brittle Materials and Structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manicka Dhanasekar ◽  
Tatheer Zahra ◽  
Ali Jelvehpour ◽  
Sarkar Noor-E-Khuda ◽  
David P. Thambiratnam
Keyword(s):  
Brittle Materials ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Explicit Finite Element ◽  
Auxetic Materials ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Tensile Strains ◽  
Plane Flexure

Building structures use brittle materials extensively. Under impact or blast loads these structures perform poorly due to tensile strains caused by Poisson’s effect normal to the direction of such loadings. Auxetic materials exhibit negative Poisson’s ratio – a property which can be exploited to eliminate those tensile strains. In this study, Auxetic layers embedded masonry is modelled using a representative volume element (RVE) with periodic boundary conditions and an explicit finite element (EFE) modelling method for a boundary value problem of a masonry wall with an Auxetic foam rendered face is subject to out-of-plane load. The RVE is limited to in-plane loads only and hence subjected to in-plane shear and compression and the EFE was used to assess the performance under out-of-plane loading. The results show significant post-yield strain hardening under axial compression and in-plane shear and high increase in capacity for walls under out of plane flexure.

Steel Ribbon Belt Reinforcement Mechanics

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-69
Author(s):  
B. K. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Ribbon Thickness ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Ribbon Width ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Plane Flexure ◽  
Steel Ribbon ◽  
Fatigue Mechanism

Abstract Satisfactory performance of steel ribbon belted radial tires of standard basic design is possible. The key to good fatigue life is that flexure is accommodated by shear of the rubber between the plies instead of by compression as in a twisted cord. Belt angle controls part of the fatigue mechanism but stress and lifetime are insensitive to its value. Several mechanisms combine to give a fatigue life that is independent of ribbon width below 1.7 mm (65 mils). Above 1.7 mm width in-plane flexure causes fatigue life to drop rapidly. No improvement from changed ribbon thickness is predicted. Tread life appears to be better with ribbon than with cord, but the reason for this is not clear. Ribbon packing geometry gives superior nail penetration resistance.

Out-of-plane flexural testing and stiffness response of concrete masonry walls with NSM steel reinforcement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Sparling ◽  
Dan Palermo ◽  
Fariborz Hashemian
Keyword(s):  
Steel Reinforcement ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Flexural Stiffness ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Masonry Construction ◽  
Flexural Testing ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Plane Flexure

Near-surface mounted (NSM) reinforcement is used to retrofit masonry structures for increased strength and resiliency; however, its application to new masonry construction remains largely unexplored. Four masonry walls measuring 3.2m tall were constructed from hollow concrete blocks to assess the potential of NSM reinforcement to increase flexural stiffness. Two of the walls were reinforced conventionally, and two were reinforced with NSM bars. Each wall had a total area of steel reinforcement of 600mm2 and was loaded under conditions of third-point out-of-plane flexure. All four walls had similar flexural strength, ranging from 24kNm to 26kNm; however, the stiffness (determined using direct measurement of curvature, curvature calculated using conditions of equilibrium and compatibility, and the load displacement response) of the NSM reinforced walls was twice that of the walls with conventional reinforcement. The flexural stiffness of the masonry walls was underestimated by current Canadian design standards provisions under low out-of-plane loads.

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