Leaflet shape in the endemic South American Oxalis sect. Alpinae: An integrative approach using molecular phylogenetics and geometric morphometrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morello ◽  
A.B. Sassone ◽  
A. López
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
South American ◽  
Leaflet Shape

Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the centipede genus Ethmostigmus Pocock (Chilopoda : Scolopendromorpha) from peninsular India

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahnavi Joshi ◽  
Gregory D. Edgecombe
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Indian Plate ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

Integrative taxonomy assesses the congruence between different lines of evidence for delimiting species, such as morphological, molecular or ecological data. Herein molecular phylogenetics is used to test monophyly and determine the phylogenetic position of the Old World tropical centipede genus Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898, and to define species boundaries for Ethmostigmus in peninsular India. A phylogeny of the family Scolopendridae based on DNA sequence data for three markers from 427 specimens sampling in all major lineages (144 individuals generated in this study) recovers Ethmostigmus as a monophyletic group, but relationships among the genera in its subfamily Otostigminae are poorly supported. Two species delimitation methods for DNA sequence data and phylogeny are integrated with morphology and geographic data to propose a well-supported species hypothesis for Ethmostigmus on the peninsular Indian plate. Five species of Ethmostigmus are recognised in peninsular India, of which E. coonooranus Chamberlin, 1920 and three new species, namely, E. agasthyamalaiensis, sp. nov., E. sahyadrensis, sp. nov. and E. praveeni, sp. nov., occur in the Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot. The lesser-known Eastern Ghats harbour one species, E. tristis (Meinert, 1886), which has been nearly unreported for 130 years. This study highlights the value of an integrative approach to systematics, especially in underexplored, high biodiversity regions and where morphological variation is limited among closely related species.

scholarly journals Perlidae (Plecoptera) from the Paranapiacaba Mountains, Atlantic Forest, Brazil: Diversity and implications of the integrative approach and teneral specimens on taxonomy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243393
Author(s):  
Lucas Henrique de Almeida ◽  
Pitágoras da Conceição Bispo
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
South American ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Previous Record ◽  
Coi Sequences

The study of complementary sources of biological variation (e.g. morphological, molecular) has allowed a better understanding of biodiversity through the construction of an integrative taxonomy. Using this approach, specimens from the Paranapiacaba Mountains, southeastern Brazil, were studied to update the knowledge on the stonefly family Perlidae from the region, characterize the species, and make associations between nymphs and adults using a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The study also discusses the implications of integrative taxonomy and teneral specimens for the study of South American Perlidae. The molecular data were analyzed using Bayesian inference, Neighbor-joining, and delimiting species methods. Our results revealed that, in general, there was a morphological and molecular congruence between species. In the Paranapiacaba Mountains, three genera and 15 species were recorded: Anacroneuria boraceiensis Froehlich 2004, A. debilis (Pictet 1841) (new record), A. fiorentini De Ribeiro and Froehlich 2007 (new record), A. flintorum Froehlich 2002, A. iporanga Bispo and Froehlich 2004, A. itajaimirim Bispo and Froehlich 2004, A. polita (Burmeister 1913), A. subcostalis Klapálek 1921, A. tupi Bispo and Froehlich 2004 (with a description of the nymph), Kempnyia auberti Froehlich 1996, K. colossica (Navás 1934), K. flava Klapálek 1916, K. neotropica (Jacobson and Bianchi 1905) (including its new junior synonym K. petersorum Froehlich 1996), Kempnyia sp., and Macrogynoplax veneranda Froehlich 1984. COI sequences were obtained for 11 species, five of which had nymphs associated with adults. Among the five associated nymphs, the nymph of A. tupi is described here. The results of this study indicate that the color of adult teneral specimens differs from that of mature specimens. Given this, the synonym of K. neotropica and K. petersorum was proposed since these species have high morphological and molecular similarities and differ only in color patterns. In addition, the previous record of A. petersi Froehlich 2002 from the Paranapiacaba Mountains was invalidated since it was considered a teneral specimen of A. flintorum. These results suggest that the development of an integrative taxonomy is essential to continue advancing the study of Perlidae diversity in South America.

scholarly journals DNA reconciles morphology and colouration in the drunk blenny genus Scartichthys (Teleostei: Blenniidae) and provides insights into their evolutionary history

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Delrieu-Trottin ◽  
Hans Hartmann Salvo ◽  
Pablo Saenz Agudelo ◽  
Mauricio F. Landaeta ◽  
Alejandro Pérez Matus
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
South American ◽  
Traditional Taxonomy ◽  
Herbivore Species ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Time Of Divergence

AbstractThe blenniids of the genus Scartichthys represent key herbivore species of central and south American Pacific coastal reefs. Yet Scartichthys spp. remain difficult to identify in the field, especially across the c.a 6000 km where three of the four currently accepted species are known to occur in sympatry. The main diagnostic characters from traditional taxonomy that have been used to revise this genus are indeed elusive. At the same time, species can display multiple colour patterns in the field, depending on the ontogenetic stage, habitat association, and/or reproductive behaviour. Overall, molecular characterization is warranted to help address these issues. Here, we used a combination of colouration, morphological and molecular data for the first time, including specimens representative of the four currently valid species and seven described colour patterns. Our integrative approach revealed that only three of the four species should be considered as valid; Scartichthys gigas (Steindachner, 1876), S. variolatus (Valenciennes, 1836) and S. viridis (Valenciennes, 1836); while S. crapulatus Williams 1990 should be synonymized with S. viridis. In the same way, our analyses show that one of the colour patterns attributed so far to S. gigas is characteristic of the juvenile stages of S. viridis. Our time-calibrated phylogeny shows that this genus is relatively young, with an estimated time of divergence between Scartichthys gigas and S. viridis of around 1.71 Ma. In comparison, the Desventuradas and Juan Fernandez Islands endemic S. variolatus diverged about 1.95 Ma. Our results help to clarify the taxonomy of the Scartichthys genus.

scholarly journals Integrative systematics unveils the controversial identity of Engraulidae fishing stocks in a Neotropical estuary, northeast Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Vicente ◽  
Marina V. Loeb ◽  
Andréa Carla Guimarães de Paiva ◽  
Claudio L. S. Sampaio ◽  
Leandro Araujo Argolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
Local Diversity ◽  
São Francisco River ◽  
Traditional Taxonomy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Integrative Systematics

ABSTRACT In Brazil, the use and diversity of the common names of fish species, coupled with taxonomic uncertainties, hinder the reliability of fishing statistical data. In this scenario, there are the so-called pilombetas of the São Francisco River, an important fishing resource in region. Despite its importance, the real diversity of species identified in the area remains obscure. In order to properly identify and delimit the species popularly known as pilombetas, an integrative approach involving traditional taxonomy, geometric morphometrics and molecular systematics was applied. Results from geometric morphometrics and molecular analyses were consistent with the results of the traditional morphological analysis, also indicating the delimitation of six taxa belonging to Engraulidae in the lower São Francisco River. In addition, species delimitation methods revealed an intrapopulation genetic divergence of 1.7% for Lycengraulis grossidens. The results revealed that the currently known richness species of Engraulidae in the studied area has been underestimated. Thus, an updated taxonomic key is herein proposed for the Engraulidae species from the lower São Francisco River and estuary. The integrative analysis approach revealed to be effective to address taxonomic questions and help the management of stocks, ensuring the maintenance of local diversity of fishes in the Neotropical region.

Too many species: morphometrics, molecular phylogenetics and genome structure of a Brazilian species complex in Epidendrum (Laeliinae; Orchidaceae) reveal fewer species than previously thought

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edlley M Pessoa ◽  
Joel M P Cordeiro ◽  
Leonardo P Felix ◽  
Erton M Almeida ◽  
Lucas Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Canonical Variables ◽  
Floral Variation ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
Species Complexes

Abstract In this study, we analyse a species complex in Epidendrum, a mega-diverse Neotropical orchid genus, that is formed by the 11 Brazilian species of the E. difforme group. Although this group (c. 100 taxa) exhibits relatively high levels of floral variation, the Brazilian species are similar, making delimitation problematic. Here we combine molecular (phylogenetics), morphological (geometric morphometrics), genome size and cytogenetic (chromosome counts and CMA/DAPI staining) data to investigate circumscription of these species. Our results were interpreted by looking for congruence of the results as a means to delimit species. The studied taxa appear to be monophyletic, and karyotypically all analysed accessions were 2n = 40. Their 1C values vary from 1.99 ± 07 pg to 2.84 ± 0.12 pg. We did not find evidence for recent polyploidy or dysploidy and, apparently, these phenomena have not been important in the evolution of this species complex. On the other hand, we found high levels of polymorphism for CMA/DAPI banding, and variation in genome size appears to be positively correlated with latitude. Geometric morphometrics indicate that E. sanchezii and E. anatipedium/E. amarajiense are distinct from the remaining species, and three groups of other species can be separated using canonical variables analysis (CVA). Variation in lip shape, genome size and heterochromatin patterns of the taxa are not fully congruent with the phylogenetic analysis, but our results allowed us to delimit with full confidence four species: E. amapense, E. anatipedium (including E. amarajiense), E. pseudodifforme (including E. campaccii and E. thiagoi) and E. sanchezii. Four others will be tentatively maintained but need further study. Our results indicate that it will be necessary to reassess many of the species complexes in the genus using a similar multidisciplinary perspective to evaluate the number of taxa that should be recognized.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document