Microsatellite genetic diversity and mating systems in the columnar cactus Pachycereus pringlei (Cactaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Gutiérrez-Flores ◽  
Francisco Javier García-De León ◽  
José Luis León-de la luz ◽  
Jorge Hugo Cota-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Columnar Cactus ◽  
Pachycereus Pringlei

Patterns of abundance and population structure of Pachycereus pringlei (Cactaceae), a columnar cactus of the Sonoran Desert

Plant Ecology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Medel-Narvaez ◽  
José Luis Leon de la Luz ◽  
Francisco Freaner-Martinez ◽  
Francisco Molina-Freaner
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Columnar Cactus ◽  
Pachycereus Pringlei

scholarly journals Maximizing genetic representation in seed collections from populations of self and cross-pollinated banana wild relatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Kallow ◽  
Bart Panis ◽  
Toan Vu Dang ◽  
Tuong Vu Dang ◽  
Janet Paofa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Targets ◽  
Seed Collections

Background: Conservation of plant genetic resources, including the wild relatives of crops, plays an important and well recognised role in addressing some of the key challenges faced by humanity and the planet including ending hunger and biodiversity loss. However, the genetic diversity and representativeness of ex situ collections, especially that contained in seed collections, is often unknown. This limits meaningful assessments against conservation targets, impairs targeting of future collecting and limits their use. We assessed genetic representation of seed collections compared to source populations for three wild relatives of bananas and plantains. Focal species and sampling regions were Musa acuminata subsp. banksii (Papua New Guinea), M. balbisiana (Viet Nam) and M. maclayi s.l. (Bougainville, Papua New Guinea). We sequenced 445 samples using suites of 16-20 existing and newly developed taxon-specific polymorphic microsatellite markers. Samples of each species were from five populations in a region; 15 leaf samples and 16 seed samples from one infructescence ('bunch') for each population. Results: Allelic richness of seeds compared to populations was 51%, 81% and 93% (M. acuminata, M. balbisiana and M. maclayi respectively). Seed samples represented all common alleles in populations but omitted some rarer alleles. The number of collections required to achieve the 70% target of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation was species dependent, relating to mating systems. Musa acuminata populations had low heterozygosity and diversity, indicating self-fertilization; many bunches were needed (>15) to represent regional alleles to 70%; over 90% of the alleles from a bunch are included in only two seeds. Musa maclayi was characteristically cross-fertilizing; only three bunches were needed to represent regional alleles; within a bunch, 16 seeds represent alleles. Musa balbisiana, considered cross-fertilized, had low genetic diversity; seeds of four bunches are needed to represent regional alleles; only two seeds represent alleles in a bunch. Conclusions: We demonstrate empirical measurement of representation of genetic material in seeds collections in ex situ conservation towards conservation targets. Species mating systems profoundly affected genetic representation in seed collections and therefore should be a primary consideration to maximize genetic representation. Results are applicable to sampling strategies for other wild species.

scholarly journals The effects of population size on genetic parameters and mating system of sandalwood in Gunung Sewu, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Yeni Widyana Nurchahyani ◽  
Sapto Indrioko ◽  
Eny Faridah ◽  
Atus Syahbudin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Isoenzyme Analysis ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Root Suckering ◽  
Genetic Drifts ◽  
Population Demographic

We combined feld observations with isoenzyme analysis to compare population demographic and its effects on genetic diversity and mating systems, among six populations of sandalwood in Gunung Sewu, Indonesia, during March to August 2015. This endangered economic-important species was originated from the southeastern parts of Indonesia, but is recently occured as new landraces in Gunung Sewu, Java island. The observed heterozygosity varied from Ho 0.184 to 0.385 in parents, and from Ho 0.083 to 0.348 in offspring levels, based on the degree of clonality and genetic base. Most of genetic variation is distributed within populations, and only 2.7% were presented among populations, that was indicated by the low DST and FST value (HT 0.30; HS 0.276; DST 2.4%; FST 7.98%). A dendrogram indicated a grouping of populations into three clusters. However, there were seemed to be no association between geographical and genetic distance. Genetic depletion occured due to (i) clonality events as result of heavy-exploitation and/or natural disturbance which induced root suckering, (ii) genetic drifts and bottleneck effects, (iii) the founder effects due to parental low diversity, and (iv) the alteration on mating systems to be more inbreeders. Some of the results confrmed a “reproductive assurance prediction” while some others were contradicting this. It seemed that genetic diversity and mating systems are not much affected by population size, but more by the parental heterozygosity and the degree of clonality. Our results emphasized the importance of populations’ genetic base or parental genetic diversity to naturally maintain the genetic and evolutionary processes under equilibrium conditions.

Disparity in floral traits and breeding systems in the iconic columnar cactus Pachycereus pringlei (Cactaceae)

Flora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Gutiérrez-Flores ◽  
J. Hugo Cota-Sánchez ◽  
José L. León-de la Luz ◽  
Francisco J. García-De León
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Columnar Cactus ◽  
Pachycereus Pringlei

scholarly journals Biomechanics of the columnar cactus Pachycereus pringlei

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl J. Niklas ◽  
Francisco Molina-Freaner ◽  
Clara Tinoco-Ojanguren
Keyword(s):  
Columnar Cactus ◽  
Pachycereus Pringlei

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of Boletus edulis suggests that intra-specific competition may reduce local genetic diversity as a woodland ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 200419
Author(s):  
J. I. Hoffman ◽  
R. Nagel ◽  
V. Litzke ◽  
D. A. Wells ◽  
W. Amos
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Microsatellite Genotyping ◽  
Wild Mushrooms ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Boletus Edulis ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
New Habitats

Ectomycorrhizal fungi are key players in terrestrial ecosystems yet their mating systems and population dynamics remain poorly understood. We investigated the fine-scale relatedness structure and genetic diversity of Boletus edulis , one of the world's most commercially important wild mushrooms. Microsatellite genotyping of fruiting bodies from 14 different sites around Bielefeld in Germany revealed little in the way of population structure over a geographic scale of several kilometres. However, on a more local scale we found evidence for elevated relatedness as well as inbreeding. We also observed a significant negative association between the genetic diversity of fruit and the age of the trees under which they were sampled. Taken together, our results suggest that as genets mature, they compete and potentially create conditions under which further spores struggle to become established. By implication, even though this species is widely picked, propagules remain common enough to create strong competition when new habitats become available.

scholarly journals Maximizing genetic representation in seed collections from populations of self and cross-pollinated banana wild relatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Kallow ◽  
Bart Panis ◽  
Dang Toan Vu ◽  
Tuong Dang Vu ◽  
Janet Paofa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Targets ◽  
Seed Collections

Abstract Background Conservation of plant genetic resources, including the wild relatives of crops, plays an important and well recognised role in addressing some of the key challenges faced by humanity and the planet including ending hunger and biodiversity loss. However, the genetic diversity and representativeness of ex situ collections, especially that contained in seed collections, is often unknown. This limits meaningful assessments against conservation targets, impairs targeting of future collecting and limits their use. We assessed genetic representation of seed collections compared to source populations for three wild relatives of bananas and plantains. Focal species and sampling regions were M. acuminata subsp. banksii (Papua New Guinea), M. balbisiana (Viet Nam) and M. maclayi s.l. (Bougainville, Papua New Guinea). We sequenced 445 samples using suites of 16–20 existing and newly developed taxon-specific polymorphic microsatellite markers. Samples of each species were from five populations in a region; 15 leaf samples from different individuals and 16 seed samples from one infructescence (‘bunch’) were analysed for each population. Results Allelic richness of seeds compared to populations was 51, 81 and 93% (M. acuminata, M. balbisiana and M. maclayi respectively). Seed samples represented all common alleles in populations but omitted some rarer alleles. The number of collections required to achieve the 70% target of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation was species dependent, relating to mating systems. Musa acuminata populations had low heterozygosity and diversity, indicating self-fertilization; many bunches were needed (> 15) to represent regional alleles to 70%; over 90% of the alleles from a bunch are included in only two seeds. Musa maclayi was characteristically cross-fertilizing; only three bunches were needed to represent regional alleles; within a bunch, 16 seeds represent alleles. Musa balbisiana, considered cross-fertilized, had low genetic diversity; seeds of four bunches are needed to represent regional alleles; only two seeds represent alleles in a bunch. Conclusions We demonstrate empirical measurement of representation of genetic material in seeds collections in ex situ conservation towards conservation targets. Species mating systems profoundly affected genetic representation in seed collections and therefore should be a primary consideration to maximize genetic representation. Results are applicable to sampling strategies for other wild species.

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