Informal payments for health care services – Corruption or gratitude? A study on public attitudes, perceptions and opinions in six Central and Eastern European countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Stepurko ◽  
Milena Pavlova ◽  
Irena Gryga ◽  
Wim Groot
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Informal Payments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Eastern European Countries

In this study we aim to compare the public perceptions towards informal patient payments in six Central and Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Ukraine). Overall, around 35–60% of the general public in each country has ever made informal payments, though informal cash payments are perceived negatively, mostly as corruption. In-kind gifts are often seen as a token of gratitude. However, significant differences among countries are observed. Despite the public support for the eradication of informal payments, there are population groups who favor their existence and this should be taken into account in policy-making.

Reality Asserts Itself: Public Opinion on Iraq and the Elasticity of Reality

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Baum ◽  
Tim Groeling
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Support ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sustained Change ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Over Time

AbstractPrevailing theories hold that U.S. public support for a war depends primarily on its degree of success, U.S. casualties, or conflict goals. Yet, research into the framing of foreign policy shows that public perceptions concerning each of these factors are often endogenous and malleable by elites. In this article, we argue that both elite rhetoric and the situation on the ground in the conflict affect public opinion, but the qualities that make such information persuasive vary over time and with circumstances. Early in a conflict, elites (especially the president) have an informational advantage that renders public perceptions of “reality” very elastic. As events unfold and as the public gathers more information, this elasticity recedes, allowing alternative frames to challenge the administration's preferred frame. We predict that over time the marginal impact of elite rhetoric and reality will decrease, although a sustained change in events may eventually restore their influence. We test our argument through a content analysis of news coverage of the Iraq war from 2003 through 2007, an original survey of public attitudes regarding Iraq, and partially disaggregated data from more than 200 surveys of public opinion on the war.

scholarly journals How Taxes Can Contribute to The Implementation of The Public Governance Strategy? – An Analysis for Eastern European Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Cristina Vlad ◽  
Birol Ibadula ◽  
Petre Brezeanu
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
Governance Strategy ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The paper begins with a short literature review regarding the public governance concept in the EU approach and its methods for establishing a common way to manage different situations for all member states; we discovered that the problems they confront with have to do with good governance and qualitative public administration. In the second part, we developed an econometric model for three Eastern European countries and we found a strong correlation between the total revenues from taxes and social contributions and total gross debt in 2002-2014 period. We ended the paper by emphasizing the conclusions obtained.

scholarly journals Policy of multiculturalism: Protection or control of ethnic identities?

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-195
Author(s):  
Goran Basic
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Ethnic Identities ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multicultural Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Multicultural Policies ◽  
Different Parts

Policies of multiculturalism are not an inheritance of modern and liberal state, although it is often concluded in the public. Historical empires states of ?old? democracy, colonial and immigrant societies, as well as eastern European countries after the experiment with communism confronted with a problem of ?control? of multiculturalism. Models of the multicultural policy are numerous and dependable on political, social and cultural circumstances in different parts of the world, and often culturally similar states develop different multicultural policies. Historical and contemporary experiences related to the multicultural policies are discussed in the paper and the last part deals conditions in which contemporary Serbia responds on requirements and challenges of its own multiculturalism.

scholarly journals Public Finance Sectors Central and Eastern European Countries and in Developed Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Renata Małkowska
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Public ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Eastern European Countries

This paper analyses the interdependencies between state debt and the volume of the public sector’s expenditure, focusing particularly on pro-social spending. These phenomena have been studied in relative values (versus GDP) and in absolute values (per capita). This served as the grounds for an attempt to identify general directions of the public finance policies followed by countries in the Central and Eastern Europe and in selected highly developed countries.

scholarly journals The Role Of Marketing In The Economic Development Of Eastern European Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan C. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eastern European Countries

This paper deals with the role of marketing in Eastern Europes economic development. Economic miracles do not happen simply by democratization alone. The vital role that marketing plays in the economic development must be clearly understood and marketing practices must be adhered to. Unless the public and bureaucrats are indoctrinated about marketing their dreams of achieving economic prosperity may simply remain as dreams. Several barriers to marketing in Eastern European countries are enumerated, and these barriers must be removed as early as possible in order to make marketing work.

scholarly journals Exclusion from Home Care Services in Central and Eastern European Countries: A Focus on Hungary and the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Széman ◽  
Elena Golubeva ◽  
László Patyán
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Eastern European Country ◽  
Home Care Services ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Eastern European Countries

AbstractDue to demographic changes all European countries face significant challenges concerning the provision of home and community care for older people. While challenges in organising care services seem to be generally similar, the resources, values and responsibilities are different across countries. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate current knowledge and patterns concerning exclusion from home care services in Central and Eastern European countries, focusing especially on Hungary as a central EU member state and the Russian Federation, as a non-EU Eastern European country. As existing international research typically focuses on Anglo-Saxon contexts, this chapter draws on the national language literature of these two nations as sources of empirical data for the analysis. Our analysis indicates that there is a long-standing risk of exclusion from home care services in both countries, with a need for reform to existing provisions to address this exclusion. Despite this a differential impact of macro-level policy is evident within the two jurisdictions, with some new innovations within the Russian Federation.

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