How former communist countries of Europe may attract inward foreign direct investment? A matter of institutions

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Fabry ◽  
Sylvain Zeghni
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Second Step ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Members ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Communist Countries

The aim of this paper is to emphasize the role of institutions to attract FDI in 11 former communist European Countries: eight new members of the European Union (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia) and three candidates to a future enlargement (Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania). In a first step we proceed to an analytical framework to understand the link between transition, institutions and FDI. In a second step we test an empirical model based on pooled data. The results of our empirical test confirm our expectation that FDI is sensitive to specific and local institutional arrangements.

scholarly journals The Development of Whistleblowing Laws in the United States and Europe (de lege ferenda remarks)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
Łucja Kobroń-Gąsiorowska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Member States ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Established Democracies

Corruption, harassment in a workplace, practices contrary to the correct work process, and many others are irregularities that can arise in any enterprise. This is a problem that affects established democracies and free markets and post-communist countries that are transitioning to democracy and market economies. While the causes of irregularities vary, the tools often suggested tackling them include that do not necessarily encourage potential whistleblowers to report them, whether inside or outside the organization. This article discusses the role of whistleblowing as a whistle­blowing tool. Describes the law and whistleblowing in a comparative context, focusing on the United States and the European Union. The article then concludes with recommendations for strengthening whistleblowing in Europe, where reporting irregularities is just beginning, and the level of protection differs between the Member States.

The European Union: A Very Short Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Usherwood ◽  
John Pinder
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Early History ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
New Members ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) is a unique political organization. Illustrating how and why it has developed from 1950 to the present day, The European Union: A Very Short Introduction covers a range of topics, including the EU’s early history, the workings of its institutions and what they do, the interplay between ‘eurosceptics’ and federalists, and the role of the EU beyond Europe in international affairs and as a peace-keeper. This new edition covers the migrant crisis, the UK’s decision to leave the EU, and how the EU continues to attract new members. It concludes by considering the future of the EU, and the choices and challenges that may lie ahead.

The Role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Emerging EU Investment Policy

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 570-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
Investment Agreements ◽  
Trade And Investment

The transfer of an exclusive competence for “foreign direct investment” to the European Union (eu) in the Lisbon Treaty (2009) has raised numerous legal questions and has tasked the eu institutions with developing a policy field almost entirely new to them. One of the matters that requires thorough consideration is the role the Court of Justice of the European Union (cjeu) will enjoy with regard to this new policy, which role it may be given in investment agreements of the eu or to what extent its role may legally be excluded or diminished by iias. The policy documents published so far as well as leaked text of envisaged investment chapters of future eu trade and investment agreements disregard this matter entirely. Nevertheless, the cjeu will play a role on the basis of the provisions of the eu Treaties and it is largely for the Court itself to determine that role.

scholarly journals Professional disruption in health regulation: electronic cigarettes in the European Union

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Adam Hasselbalch
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Cigarette Industry ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Key Policy

How do professions respond to fast-moving technological changes? Disruptive innovations overturn expectations about how markets function and develop, and they often raise moral, legal and scientific concerns among professionals. Sudden technological changes can result in a state of professional disruption, in which technological change challenges the institutional arrangements of a profession. This article distinguishes between fast and slow processes of professional change, focusing on the role of technology as one cause of fast changes to a profession. Professionals and non-professionals engage in framing contests that draw on cognitive, normative and relational keys to signal their expectations. It is in these framing contests that professionals run the risk of disruption. Drawing on interview data with key policy actors, I investigate electronic cigarettes regulation in the European Union and its recent revision to the Tobacco Products Directive. Medical and public health professionals that control tobacco issues were challenged by a coalition of e-cigarette industry representatives, e-cigarette users, and liberal politicians. The challengers drew on the contending norm of harm reduction in tobacco control, which successfully challenged the centrality of the abstinence norm in the institutional arrangements of the medical and public health professions and their organizational field. By discussing the parallels to other related cases in health regulation, I draw out the implications of the study for researchers and policymakers.

FDI in Space Revisited: The Role of Spillovers on Foreign Direct Investment within the European Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Alamá-Sabater ◽  
Benedikt Heid ◽  
Eduardo Jiménez-Fernández ◽  
Laura Márquez-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
The European Union

scholarly journals Platforms as contract partners: Uber and beyond

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Domurath
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Second Step ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Consumer Contract ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Court Of Justice

This article analyses the recent case law concerning Uber and other platforms. Its main objective is to examine the question of whether and under what conditions platforms can be considered the contract partners of the individuals who seek goods and services through the platform’s infrastructure. In a first step, the criteria employed by the courts, both the Court of Justice of the European Union and national courts, are identified that characterise the role of platforms in relation to the underlying service provision. In a second step, the article looks at the approach to intermediaries in more traditional consumer contract law. A differentiated image emerges, which underlines the need for legislative clarification.

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