scholarly journals Freezing-tolerant and robust gelatin-based supramolecular conductive hydrogels with double-network structure for wearable sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 106879
Author(s):  
Jia Yang ◽  
Xiangbin Sun ◽  
Qiong Kang ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Gang Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Conductive Hydrogels

Tough, adhesive, self-healing, fully physical crosslinked κ-CG-K+/pHEAA double-network ionic conductive hydrogels for wearable sensors

Polymer ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 124321
Author(s):  
Jianxiong Xu ◽  
Ziyu Guo ◽  
Yin Chen ◽  
Yuecong Luo ◽  
Shaowen Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Conductive Hydrogels

Double-network hydrogel with adjustable surface morphology and multifunctional integration for flexible strain sensors

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Fengjin Xie ◽  
Xinpei Gao ◽  
Liqiang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Conductive Hydrogels

The next generation of high-performance flexible electronics has put forward new demands to the development of ionic conductive hydrogels. In recent years, many efforts have been made toward developing double-network...

Design for dynamic hydrogen bonding in a double network structure to improve the mechanical properties of sodium alginate fibers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Yan ◽  
Junfeng Shi ◽  
Song Tang ◽  
Guohang Zhou ◽  
Jiexiang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Wet Spinning ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Alginate Fibers

The SA/PAA-VSNP fiber was obtained using dynamic wet spinning through dynamic hydrogen bonding in the double network structure.

How can multi-bond network hydrogels dissipate energy more effectively: an investigation on the relationship between network structure and properties

Soft Matter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 4407-4413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Xu ◽  
Fu-Kuan Shi ◽  
Xiao-Ying Liu ◽  
Ming Zhong ◽  
Xu-Ming Xie
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Bond Network ◽  
The Relationship

As the amount of PVA microcrystals increases, the network structure changes from being dual-crosslinked (for pure PAA hydrogels) to ternary-crosslinked and finally to a double network structure, as shown by the step-increased modulus of the hydrogels.

scholarly journals Robust bonding and one-step facile synthesis of tough hydrogels with desirable shape by virtue of the double network structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junji Saito ◽  
Hidemitsu Furukawa ◽  
Takayuki Kurokawa ◽  
Rikimaru Kuwabara ◽  
Shinya Kuroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Double Network ◽  
One Step

scholarly journals A multiscale polymerization framework towards network structure and fracture of double-network hydrogels

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhen Zhang ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Yanxian Zhang ◽  
Yonglan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Multiscale Simulation ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Double Network

AbstractDouble-network (DN) hydrogels, consisting of two contrasting and interpenetrating polymer networks, are considered as perhaps the toughest soft-wet materials. Current knowledge of DN gels from synthesis methods to toughening mechanisms almost exclusively comes from chemically-linked DN hydrogels by experiments. Molecular modeling and simulations of inhomogeneous DN structure in hydrogels have proved to be extremely challenging. Herein, we developed a new multiscale simulation platform to computationally investigate the early fracture of physically-chemically linked agar/polyacrylamide (agar/PAM) DN hydrogels at a long timescale. A “random walk reactive polymerization” (RWRP) was developed to mimic a radical polymerization process, which enables to construct a physically-chemically linked agar/PAM DN hydrogel from monomers, while conventional and steered MD simulations were conducted to examine the structural-dependent energy dissipation and fracture behaviors at the relax and deformation states. Collective simulation results revealed that energy dissipation of agar/PAM hydrogels was attributed to a combination of the pulling out of agar chains from the DNs, the disruption of massive hydrogen bonds between and within DN structures, and the strong association of water molecules with both networks, thus explaining a different mechanical enhancement of agar/PAM hydrogels. This computational work provided atomic details of network structure, dynamics, solvation, and interactions of a hybrid DN hydrogel, and a different structural-dependent energy dissipation mode and fracture behavior of a hybrid DN hydrogel, which help to design tough hydrogels with new network structures and efficient energy dissipation modes. Additionally, the RWRP algorithm can be generally applied to construct the radical polymerization-produced hydrogels, elastomers, and polymers.

Electrical Conductivity in Rubber Double Networks

1991 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 790-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Roland ◽  
K. L. Peng
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Filler Particle ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Longitudinal Conductivity ◽  
Deformation Velocity ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Filler Phase

Abstract The consequences on electrical conductivity of the various processing steps used to form a double-network rubber are summarized in Table IV. Although the objective was not achieved herein, the potential for using double-network rubbers to attain enhanced conductivity remains. Alternate procedures enabling residual extensions exceeding 100% are suggested for future work. Specific conclusions drawn from this study are as follows: 1. The time dependence of the electrical resistivity after imposition of a tensile strain depends on the magnitude of the strain. The observed behavior is consistent with breakup of carbon-black floc at low strains (with concomitant reduction in conductivity) and with promotion of interparticle contacting at higher strains. The latter engenders enhanced longitudinal conductivity. The enhancement may be due to orientation of the filler phase, but this remains speculative. The effect of deformation on the transverse resistivity could not be reproducibly characterized. 2. The rate dependence of the electrical resistivity was also dependent on the magnitude of the rubber deformation. At the low strains associated with disruption of the filler phase, higher rates (stresses) increase the maximum in the resistivity. At higher elongations for which the resistivity declines, the effect of deformation velocity is less apparent. 3. Subjecting a filled rubber to heating after mixing reduces the electrical resistivity. The irreversible portion of this reduction is attributed to an acceleration in the recovery of an equilibrium level of filler-particle contacts. The resistivity acquires an invariance to temperature after the initial heating that persists for at least several hours. 4. The fact that extension followed by retraction of a carbon-black-reinforced elastomer results in a permanent increase in electrical resistivity negated in this work the possibility of achieving enhanced electrical conductivity via a double-network structure. 5. Consistent with the strain optical properties, orientational crystallization behavior, and stress-strain response previously found for unfilled rubbers containing a double-network structure, carbon-black-reinforced double-network rubbers exhibit electrical resistivities more sensitive to strain than conventionally cured elastomers.

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