Evaluation of the polymer–solvent interaction parameter χ for the system cured polybutadiene rubber and toluene

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Marzocca ◽  
A.L. Rodríguez Garraza ◽  
M.A. Mansilla
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Parameter ◽  
Solvent Interaction ◽  
Polybutadiene Rubber ◽  
Interaction Parameter Χ ◽  
Polymer Solvent

scholarly journals Accounting for Cooperativity in the Thermotropic Volume Phase Transition of Smart Microgels

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Simon Friesen ◽  
Yvonne Hannappel ◽  
Sergej Kakorin ◽  
Thomas Hellweg
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Interaction Parameter ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Volume Phase Transition ◽  
Network Chain ◽  
Solvent Interaction ◽  
Volume Phase ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Interaction Parameter Χ

A full quantitative description of the swelling of smart microgels is still problematic in many cases. The original approach of Flory and Huggins for the monomer–solvent interaction parameter χ cannot be applied to some microgels. The reason for this obviously is that the cross-linking enhances the cooperativity of the volume phase transitions, since all meshes of the network are mechanically coupled. This was ignored in previous approaches, arguing with distinct transition temperatures for different meshes to describe the continuous character of the transition of microgels. Here, we adjust the swelling curves of a series of smart microgels using the Flory–Rehner description, where the polymer–solvent interaction parameter χ is modeled by a Hill-like equation for a cooperative thermotropic transition. This leads to a very good description of all measured microgel swelling curves and yields the physically meaningful Hill parameter ν. A linear decrease of ν is found with increasing concentration of the cross-linker N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide in the microgel particles p(NIPAM), p(NNPAM), and p(NIPMAM). The linearity suggests that the Hill parameter ν corresponds to the number of water molecules per network chain that cooperatively leave the chain at the volume phase transition. Driven by entropy, ν water molecules of the solvate become cooperatively “free” and leave the polymer network.

Dependence of the Polymer-Solvent Interaction Parameter of Vulcanizates Based on Cis-1,4-Poly(Butadiene) on the Type and Concentration of Vulcanizing Agent

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Gavrilov ◽  
A. G. Shvarts
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Parameter ◽  
Solvent Interaction ◽  
Polymer Solvent

Abstract Values of the polymer-solvent interaction parameter were obtained for cis-1,4-poly(butadiene) vulcanized with alkylphenol—formaldehyde oligomer, sulfur, and peroxide systems swollen with heptane, benzene, and m-xylene. The dependence of the interaction parameter on the degree of crosslinking was demonstrated. The method of vulcanization does not affect the dependence of χ on υr for good solvents, but influences this dependence for n-heptane, a weak solvent. It was shown that the better the solvent, the stronger the dependence of the interaction parameter on the degree of crosslinking.

PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL FOR COUPLED ALCOHOL AND TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE HYDROGELS

2011 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 279-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNDIKA CANDRA KURNIA ◽  
ERIK BIRGERSSON ◽  
ARUN S. MUJUMDAR ◽  
SOCK PENG TAY ◽  
YONG KIN YEW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Parameter ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Solvent Interaction ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
Transient Models ◽  
Stimuli Sensitive ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Water Alcohol ◽  
Polymer Solvent

A mathematical model for stimuli-sensitive hydrogels in a water-alcohol solution is presented and analyzed, in which a new polymer-solvent interaction parameter is proposed to capture the deformation of the hydrogel due to changes in the external alcohol content and temperature. The nature of this parameter is determined in the limit of pure dilatation for poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels immersed in tempered water-methanol and -ethanol solutions. Overall, good agreement between the resulting model predictions and experiments is achieved; the transition temperatures and "re-entrant phenomenon" are also captured reasonably well. The herein derived expression for the polymer-solvent interaction parameter can be introduced into more generic transient models that also account for fluxes of the relevant field variables.

Polymer—Solvent Interaction Parameter and Creep of Ethylene—Propylene Rubber

1964 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 894-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Dudek ◽  
F. Bueche
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Interaction Parameter ◽  
Cohesive Energy ◽  
Tensile Creep ◽  
Solvent Interaction ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Cohesive Energy Density ◽  
Creep Curves ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Rubber ◽  
Polymer Solvent

Abstract The polymer—solvent interaction parameter for an ethylene—propylene ter-polymer containing 53 mole-% ethylene was determined as a function of degree of crosslinking in n-heptane and benzene. A well characterized EPR gum vulcanizate was used to obtain the polymer-solvent interaction parameter in fourteen solvents, and the cohesive energy density of the terpolymer was evaluated. The composite tensile creep curves for gum and filled EPR vulcanizates were obtained and compared with SBR creep curves.

The Polymer-Solvent Interaction Parameter X

1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Orwoll
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Parameter ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Solvent Interaction ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Colligative Properties ◽  
Polymer Solvent

Abstract The interaction parameter X has been defined as a measure of the chemical potential of the solvent in solutions with a polymeric solute. Consequently a number of equilibrium properties can be expressed as functions of X. Values of X determined from these properties reveal that for most systems this quantity increases with the volume fraction of polymer in the solution. Accordingly, values of the interaction parameter have been tabulated as a function of concentration, as well as of temperature. The values of X obtained either from experiment or theory can be utilized for predicting the colligative properties and determining the solubility characteristics of polymer-solvent systems.

Polymer-solvent interaction parameter for poly(4-hydroxystyrene) by IGC

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Lezcano ◽  
C. Salom ◽  
R. M. Masegosa ◽  
M. G. Prolongo
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Parameter ◽  
Solvent Interaction ◽  
Polymer Solvent
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