Mixed oxides were synthesized by co-precipitation of a Cu source in combination with Al, Fe or Mn corresponding salts as precursors. The materials were calcined at 600 and 1000 °C in order to crystallize the phases and to mimic the reaction conditions of the catalytic application. At 600 °C a mixed spinel structure was only formed for the combination of Cu and Mn, while at 1000 °C all the materials showed mixed spinel formation. The catalysts were applied in three-way catalysis using a reactor with a gas mixture containing CO, NO and O2. All the materials calcined at 600 °C displayed the remarkable ability to oxidize CO with O2 but also to reduce NO with CO, while the pure oxides such as CuO and MnO2 were not able to. The high catalytic activity at 600 °C was attributed to small supported CuO particles present and imperfections in the spinel structure. Calcination at 1000 °C crystallized the structure further which led to a dramatic loss in catalytic activity, although CuAl2O4 and CuFe2O4 still converted some NO. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, H2-Temperatrue Programmed Reduction (H2-TPR), N2-sorption and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX).
Copper-Containing Mixed Metal Oxides (Al, Fe, Mn) for Application in Three-Way Catalysis