Developmental changes in spiral artery blood flow in the human placenta observed with colour Doppler ultrasonography

Placenta ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 782-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Collins ◽  
G.N. Stevenson ◽  
J.A. Noble ◽  
L. Impey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Spiral Artery ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Colour Doppler Ultrasonography

122 Colour-Doppler ultrasonography as a tool for oocyte donor selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
F. Villaseñor-González ◽  
H. Álvarez-Gallardo ◽  
M. Kjelland ◽  
A. Velázquez-Roque ◽  
S. Romo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Colour Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Oocyte Donors ◽  
Intravaginal Device ◽  
Selection Of

Colour-Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) has been applied for a more detailed examination of the ovary and uterus, mainly local blood flow in ovarian follicles and the corpus luteum (CL). The main use of CDU is for the diagnosis of early pregnancy or the selection of recipients for embryo transfer in cattle; however, this tool can also be used to select oocyte donors according to blood flow to the ovary. The concept is that more blood flow in the ovary is conducive to a healthier intraovarian environment (e.g. higher progesterone levels and removal of reactive oxygen species), yielding higher quality oocytes. The objective of this research was to evaluate invitro embryo production (IVP) after selection of oocyte donors, considering ovary irrigation before ovum pickup (OPU). The research was carried out in the reproduction laboratory at the Palominos Ranch (Jalisco, México). The oocyte donors (n=15) were synchronized before each round of OPU using an intravaginal device (1.9g of progesterone) with oestradiol benzoate (2mg) and cloprostenol sodium (500µg) on Day 0, to avoid the presence of a corpus luteum and to synchronize the follicular wave. On Day 6, the intravaginal device was removed and OPU was performed. All Angus breed donors between 3 and 5 years old with a body condition score between 5–6 (scale 1–9, where 1 is extremely thin and 9 is very obese) and were evaluated with transrectal CDU (Sonoscape S2™) with a linear-array probe (7.5MHz) before the first OPU session only. The oocyte donors were classified subjectively into three categories: low blood flow (LBF, ∼30% ovarian area), median blood flow (MBF, ∼50% ovarian area), and high blood flow (HBF, ∼70% ovarian area) and were submitted to 3 cycles of IVP each (45 total cycles). Semen from a proven bull for IVF was used during all IVP cycles. All oocytes collected from each donor were used in IVF with the same semen in all IVP cycles. The total oocytes collected, and percentages of viable oocytes, cleavage, and blastocysts on Day 7 of culture were evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out using the GLM procedure of SAS software (version 9.3; SAS Institute Inc.) to evaluate the results of LBF, MBF, and HBF (P-value=0.05). Total oocyte recovery was 11.28±1.92, 10.06±1.31, and 15.52±1.05 for HBF, MBF, and LBF, respectively, being significantly higher for LBF (P<0.05). There were no differences in viable oocytes among groups. Cleavage rates were 53.04%±3.43 for HBF, 43.18%±2.34 for MBF, and 43.69%±1.89 for LBF, being significantly higher for HBF (P<0.05). Percentage of blastocysts on Day 7 was 38.16%±3.80 for HBF, 30.11%±2.60 for MBF, and 17.78%±2.10 for LBF. This value tended to be significantly higher for HBF than MBF, and both were significantly superior to LBF (P<0.05). In conclusion, under the conditions of this research, although LBF donors had more total recovered oocytes, blastocyst rates were increased in HBF and MBF donors. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, CDU can be a useful tool for the selection of oocyte donors.

16 False-positive rate after anticipation of early pregnancy diagnosis for resynchronization of ovulation in Bos indicus heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
L. M. S. Simões ◽  
E. A. Lima ◽  
A. P. C. Santos ◽  
R. E. Orlandi ◽  
M. P. Bottino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Colour Doppler Ultrasonography

The objective was to determine the incidence of false-positive pregnancy diagnosis following the use of colour Doppler ultrasonography 20 and 22 days after fixed-time AI (FTAI) in Bos indicus heifers submitted to resynchronization 14 days after first FTAI. In the study, 512 Nellore heifers at 24.5±0.8 months of age and body condition score of 3.4±0.1 were used beginning 14 days after FTAI. On Day 14, heifers received 50mg of short-acting progesterone (Afisterone®, CEVA, São Paulo, Brazil) and a progesterone device (Prociclar®, CEVA). Eight days later (Day 22), the progesterone device was removed. A duplex B-mode (grayscale) and pulse-wave colour Doppler ultrasound instrument (M5, Mindray, Shenzhen, China) equipped with a multifrequency linear transducer was used for the examination of luteal blood flow on Days 20 and 22. The percentage of luteal area with colour Doppler signals of blood flow at each examination was determined as previously described (Ginther 2007) and was classified as low [corpus luteum (CL) with less than 25% vascularized area], intermediate (CL with 25-75% vascularized area), or high (CL with more than 75% vascularized area). Heifers with intermediate and high luteal blood flow were diagnosed as pregnant by Doppler ultrasonography, and heifers with low luteal blood flow were diagnosed as nonpregnant. Heifers diagnosed as pregnant by Doppler ultrasonography were examined 30 days after FTAI by B-mode ultrasound examination for pregnancy diagnosis and to determine the number of false positives (heifers pregnant by Doppler ultrasonography and nonpregnant by B-mode ultrasonography). Statistical analysis was performed by the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Pregnancy rate by Doppler ultrasonography [Day 20=60.5% (310/512), Day 22=55.3% (283/512); P=0.10] and false-positive percentage [Day 20=29.7% (92/310), Day 22=23.0% (65/2830); P=0.06] were similar on pregnancy diagnoses by Doppler ultrasonography performed 20 and 22 days after FTAI. Furthermore, in the period from 20 to 22 days after FTAI, luteolysis was verified in 5.8% (30/512) of heifers. In conclusion, anticipation of pregnancy diagnosis in 2 days by evaluation of luteal blood flow with colour Doppler ultrasonography (20 days after FTAI) does not interfere with pregnancy rate by Doppler ultrasound and percentage of false positives in Bos indicus heifers.

48 Timing of luteolysis and conceptus expulsion after induced pregnancy loss at three different timepoints after maternal recognition of pregnancy in cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
B. J. Duran ◽  
J. C. Lemos-Motta ◽  
E. Rojas-Canadas ◽  
C. Hayden ◽  
C. Rykaczewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Colour Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Flow Through

Results from previous research indicate that induced pregnancy loss (IPL) on Day 36 of gestation in cattle resulted in luteolysis by gestation Day ∼45. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that IPL at 25, 35, or 55 days of gestation will result in luteolysis and whether the interval between IPL and luteolysis is positively associated with days of gestation at time of treatment. Pregnant non-lactating beef cows were randomly assigned to undergo IPL, consisting of an intrauterine infusion of 120mL of hypertonic saline (7.2%), at Day 25 (IPL25, n=15), Day 35 (IPL35, n=14), or Day 55 (IPL55, n=14). Corpus luteum (CL) volume and embryo/fetal viability were evaluated by transrectal B-mode ultrasonography daily for 19 days following treatment and every other day subsequently until luteolysis was identified or gestation Day 91. Blood flow through the CL was evaluated using colour-Doppler ultrasonography, and luteolysis was defined as the day when <25% of the CL was represented with colour pixels. Conceptus expulsion was defined as the absence of a conceptus and fluid accumulation in the uterus was <25%. Data were analysed using Proc Mixed in SAS (v9.4; SAS Institute Inc.). Cessation of conceptus heartbeat occurred in all animals within 24h of administration of treatment. Day of luteolysis occurred earlier (P<0.01) in IPL25 (5.3±0.4d) than IPL55 (8.9±1.4d) cows, and luteolysis tended (P=0.07) to occur earlier in IPL35 (6.6±0.6d) than IPL55 cows; however, values for this variable in IPL25 and IPL35 cows were similar (P>0.2). The variance in timing of luteolysis was greater for IPL55 than for IPL35 cows, whereas variance for IPL35 was greater than that for IPL25 (P<0.05) cows. Conceptus expulsion was detected earlier (P<0.01) in IPL25 (Day 4.2±0.4) and IPL35 (Day 5.8±0.5) than IPL55 (Day 10.4±1.4) cows; however, IPL25 and IPL35 cows had similar (P>0.1) values for this variable. Values for luteolysis and conceptus expulsion were correlated in IPL35 (r=0.84; P<0.01) and IPL55 (r=0.88; P<0.01) cows, whereas there was no correlation among values for these variables in IPL25 (r=0.31; P=0.3) cows. There were effects of treatment (P<0.01), time (P<0.01), and treatment by time interaction (P<0.01) on CL volume. Volume of the CL was less (P<0.04) in IPL25-treated cows by treatment day 5 compared with that in IPL55-treated cows. Additionally, CL volume was less (P<0.03) in IPL25 by treatment day 6 than in IPL35 cows, and IPL35 cows had a lesser (P<0.01) CL volume starting on treatment day 10 than IPL55 cows. Induction of pregnancy loss at different times of gestation resulted in luteolysis; however, the interval between treatment and luteolysis tended to increase as gestation days increased. Furthermore, the variability in the timing of luteolysis increased as gestation days increased. Results from the present study support the working hypothesis of presence of a continuous mechanism for CL maintenance during pregnancy beyond the classical maternal recognition period in cattle.

scholarly journals Power and colour Doppler ultrasonography for evaluation of the ovarian and uterine haemodynamics of infertile mares

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-349
Author(s):  
K. El-Shahat ◽  
A. Abo El-Maaty ◽  
M. Helmy ◽  
Y. El Baghdady
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Granulosa Cell Tumour ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Blue Colour ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Colour Doppler Ultrasonography

The present study was undertaken to investigate the haemodynamics of the ovary and uterus in infertile mares using power and colour Doppler ultrasonography. Forty-seven Arabian mares were handled in the current work through several examinations. Based on the breeding history complaints, physical, vaginal examination and Doppler examination, 12 mares were found to be suffering from abnormal ovarian structures (Experiment I). In addition, nine mares with normal cyclic activity were kept as control. Another 16 mares were found to suffer from abnormal uterine conditions and 10 mares with normal uterine findings served as control (Experiment II). Blood flows to the anovulatory follicle, ovarian inactivity, granulosa cell tumour were compared to those to the dominant follicle and luteal blood flow. Uterine blood flow of cysts, abnormal uterine fluids (endometritis) during estrus and diestrus were compared to normal uterine vascularisation during estrus, diestrus and post-mating. Results showed that granulosa cell tumour had the highest red colour blood flow and total colour blood flow area. Blue colour blood flow area of the corpus luteum was higher compared to the dominant follicle and inactive ovary. Uteri with uterine cyst and abnormal uterine fluids during estrus of infertile mares had high red colour blood flow, blue colour blood flow and power blood flow areas compared to normal uterus during estrus. It could be concluded that Doppler ultrasound could distinguish between normal ovaries with normal or abnormal structures. Moreover, the increased uterine blood flow area of mares with abnormal fluids in their uteri (endometritis) and uterine cysts could be distinguished by comparison to the normal uterine blood flow during estrus.

Blood flow in breast cancer and fibroadenoma estimated by colour Doppler ultrasonography

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Holcombe ◽  
N. Pugh ◽  
K. Lyons ◽  
A. Douglas-Jones ◽  
R. E. Mansel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Colour Doppler Ultrasonography

84 Evaluation of indirect methods for pregnancy diagnosis at Day 21 in in vitro-produced embryo transfer recipient heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
A. Garcia-Guerra ◽  
P. L. J. Monteiro Jr ◽  
C. A. Gamarra ◽  
E .A. Walleser ◽  
A. Prata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Colour Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Early pregnancy detection has the potential to improve reproductive efficiency of embryo transfer (ET) programs by identifying nonpregnant animals and allowing their prompt reutilisation. Although methods are available to determine pregnancy after ~28 days, recent studies have highlighted the potential of indirect measurements, such as colour Doppler ultrasonography of the corpus luteum (CL), to serve as early pregnancy diagnostic methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of multiple indirect methods for pregnancy diagnosis at Day 21 in in vitro-produced ET recipients. Dairy heifers (n=796) were synchronized using a modified 5-day CoSynch and received a fresh in vitro-produced embryo 7±1 day after gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Heifers were examined by transrectal ultrasound on Day 21 after gonadotropin-releasing hormone to determine uterine endometrial thickness (UET), CL volume, and CL blood flow. Blood flow to the CL was determined by colour Doppler ultrasonography (Sonovet Pico, 7.5-MHz linear array probe, PRF 1kHz). Blood samples were collected on Day 21 to determine serum progesterone (P4) concentrations. Cutoff points for UET, CL volume, and P4 were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and cutoffs for pregnancy were determined to be <8.75mm, >1800mm3, and >2.65 ng/mL for UET, CL volume, and serum P4, respectively. Heifers were classified as pregnant by CL colour Doppler ultrasound if they exhibited colour pixels in more than 10% of the periphery or exhibited colour pixels internally. Heifers were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography on Day 28 to determine true pregnancy status. Differences between measurements were determined by generalized estimating equations. Pregnancies per ET on Day 28 was 50.1% (399/796). Sensitivity was lowest for UET and was different (P<0.01) from the other three tests (Table 1). Specificity was greatest (P<0.01) for serum P4, lowest for UET, and intermediate for CL volume and colour Doppler (Table 1). Serum P4, CL volume, and CL colour Doppler showed excellent NPV, indicating that each of these values accurately predicted nonpregnant heifers, the main emphasis of this study. However, PPV was moderate, indicating the potential for false positive results either due to pregnancy loss between Day 21 and 28 or, alternatively, inaccuracy of the method. Thus, on Day 21 of pregnancy, an accurate nonpregnancy diagnosis can be performed in ET recipients by using CL volume with or without CL colour Doppler, allowing for improved reproductive efficiency. Table 1.Sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for various indirect methods to determine pregnancy on Day 21 in embryo transfer (ET) recipient heifers

Follicle vascularity coordinates corpus luteum blood flow and progesterone production

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. S. de Tarso ◽  
G. D. A. Gastal ◽  
S. T. Bashir ◽  
M. O. Gastal ◽  
G. A. Apgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Colour Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Progesterone Production

Colour Doppler ultrasonography was used to compare the ability of preovulatory follicle (POF) blood flow and its dimensions to predict the size, blood flow and progesterone production capability of the subsequent corpus luteum (CL). Cows (n = 30) were submitted to a synchronisation protocol. Follicles ≥7 mm were measured and follicular wall blood flow evaluated every 12 h for approximately 3.5 days until ovulation. After ovulation, cows were scanned daily for 8 days and similar parameters were evaluated for the CL. Blood samples were collected and plasma progesterone concentrations quantified. All parameters were positively correlated. Correlation values ranged from 0.26 to 0.74 on data normalised to ovulation and from 0.31 to 0.74 on data normalised to maximum values. Correlations between calculated ratios of both POF and CL in data normalised to ovulation and to maximum values ranged from moderate (0.57) to strong (0.87). Significant (P < 0.0001) linear regression analyses were seen in all comparisons. In conclusion, higher correlations were observed between the dimensions of POF and/or CL and blood flow of both structures, as well as POF and/or CL blood flow with plasma progesterone concentrations of the resultant CL. These findings indicate that follicle vascularity coordinates CL blood flow and progesterone production in synchronised beef cows.

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