Seasonality effect on the composition of oxindole alkaloids from distinct organs of Uncaria tomentosa from the Caribbean region of Costa Rica

Performance Evaluation of Bias Correction Methods for Climate Change Monthly Precipitation Projections over Costa Rica

Water ◽

10.3390/w12020482 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 482 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maikel Mendez ◽

Ben Maathuis ◽

David Hein-Griggs ◽

Luis-Fernando Alvarado-Gamboa

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Bias Correction ◽

Control Period ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Monthly Precipitation ◽

Future Period ◽

Quantile Mapping ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Precipitation Projections ◽

Far Future

Six bias correction (BC) methods; delta-method (DT), linear scaling (LS), power transformation of precipitation (PTR), empirical quantile mapping (EQM), gamma quantile mapping (GQM) and gamma-pareto quantile mapping (GPQM) were applied to adjust the biases of historical monthly precipitation outputs from five General Circulation Models (GCMs) dynamically downscaled by two Regional Climate Models (RCMs) for a total of seven different GCM-RCM pairs over Costa Rica. High-resolution gridded precipitation observations were used for the control period 1951–1980 and validated over the period 1981–1995. Results show that considerable biases exist between uncorrected GCM-RCM outputs and observations, which largely depend on GCM-RCM pair, seasonality, climatic region and spatial resolution. After the application of bias correction, substantial biases reductions and comparable performances among most BC methods were observed for most GCM-RCM pairs; with EQM and DT marginally outperforming the remaining methods. Consequently, EQM and DT were selectively applied to correct the biases of precipitation projections from each individual GCM-RCM pair for a near-future (2011–2040), mid-future (2041–2070) and far-future (2071–2100) period under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 using the control period 1961–1990. Results from the bias-corrected future ensemble-mean anticipate a marked decreasing trend in precipitation from near to far-future periods during the dry season (December, January, February (DJF) and March, April, May (MAM)) for RCP4.5 and 8.5; with pronounced drier conditions for those climatic regions draining towards the Pacific Ocean. In contrast, mostly wetter conditions are expected during the dry season under RCP2.6, particularly for the Caribbean region. In most of the country, the greatest decrease in precipitation is projected at the beginning of the rainy season (June, July, August (JJA)) for the far-future period under RCP8.5, except for the Caribbean region where mostly wetter conditions are anticipated. Regardless of future period, slight increases in precipitation with higher radiative forcing are expected for SON excluding the Caribbean region, where precipitation is likely to increase with increasing radiative forcing and future period. This study demonstrates that bias correction should be considered before direct application of GCM-RCM precipitation projections over complex territories such as Costa Rica.

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Las etnias centroamericanas durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX

Estudios Latinoamericanos ◽

10.36447/estudios2004.v24.art4 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 67-87

Author(s):

Francisco Lizcano Fernández

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

El Salvador ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Ethnic Diversity ◽

Short Description ◽

Central American ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Siglo Xx

Short description: This article is dedicated to the demographic levels and distribution of Central American ethnic groups: indigenous, mestizos, mulattos, creoles, garifunas and Asians. The study includes 7 countries: Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. Emphasis is placed on the Caribbean region of these countries, where ethnic diversity is the greatest. Short description translated and adapted from the text by Michał Gilewski

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First record of Porocephalus cf. clavatus (Pentastomida: Porocephalida) as a parasite on Bothrops asper (Squamata: Viperidae) in Costa Rica

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.01414 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 854-858 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. Alvarado ◽

A. Sánchez-Monge

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Costa Rica ◽

First Record ◽

Taxonomic Position ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Bothrops Asper ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Pentastomids are parasites that infect respiratory cavities of vertebrates, they are pretty common but poorly known in wildlife veterinary. A Bothrops asper snake (Garman, 1884) was captured in the Caribbean region of Costa Rica and had its lung infested with pentastomids, identified as ca Porocephalus clavatus (Wyman, 1845). This represents the first record of Porocephalus (Humboldt, 1812) on B. asper as well as P. cf. clavatus in Costa Rica. Further studies are needed to clarify their taxonomic position, images and scanning electron microscopy photographs (SEM) of the specimens are given.

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Spatiotemporal trends of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Costa Rica

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1093/trstmh/traa109 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Brett R Bayles ◽

Andria E Rusk ◽

Maria Alvarez Pineda ◽

Bobin Chen ◽

Keira Dagy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Tropical Disease ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Neglected Tropical Disease ◽

Spatiotemporal Trends ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains an important neglected tropical disease in Costa Rica, which has one of the largest burdens of this disease in Latin America. Methods We identified district-level hotspots of CL from 2006 to 2017 and conducted temporal analysis to identify where hotspots were increasing across the country. Results Clear patterns of CL risk were detected, with persistent hotspots located in the Caribbean region, where risk was also found to be increasing over time in some areas. Conclusions We identify spatiotemporal hotspots, which may be used in support of the leishmaniasis plan of action for the Americas.

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Snake venomics of Micrurus alleni and Micrurus mosquitensis from the Caribbean region of Costa Rica reveals two divergent compositional patterns in New World elapids

Toxicon ◽

10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 107 ◽

pp. 217-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Julián Fernández ◽

Nancy Vargas-Vargas ◽

Davinia Pla ◽

Mahmood Sasa ◽

Paola Rey-Suárez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

New World ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Compositional Patterns ◽

Snake Venomics

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African Caribbean Residents of Edinburgh in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

Kalfou A Journal of Comparative and Relational Ethnic Studies ◽

10.15367/kf.v7i1.300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Williams

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

British Empire ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

African Caribbean ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

Scotland is gradually coming to terms with its involvement in slavery and colonialism as part of the British Empire. This article places the spotlight on the lives of African Caribbean people who were residents of Edinburgh during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. I discuss their varied experiences and contributions: from runaways and men fighting for their freedom in the Scottish courts to women working as servants in city households or marrying into Edinburgh high society. The nineteenth century saw activism among political radicals from abolitionists to anticolonialists; some of these figures studied and taught at Edinburgh University. Their stories reflect the Scottish capital’s many direct connections with the Caribbean region.

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