Changes in lipid composition of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici conidia produced on wheat leaves treated with heptanoyl salicylic acid

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1104-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J MUCHEMBLED ◽  
A SAHRAOUI ◽  
A GRANDMOUGINFERJANI ◽  
M SANCHOLLE
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Development and Application of a New PCR Method for Detection of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kuzdraliński ◽  
Hubert Szczerba ◽  
Anna Kot ◽  
Agnieszka Ostrowska ◽  
Michał Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Expected Length ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Species Specific

We developed new PCR assays that target beta-tubulin (<i>TUB2</i>) and 14 alpha-demethylase (<i>CYP51</i>) genes and used them for the species-specific detection of <i>Blumeria graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> (<i>Bgt</i>). Based on fungi DNA sequences available in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) GenBank database we developed simplex and duplex PCR assays. The specificities of the primer sets were evaluated using environmental samples of wheat leaves collected during the 2015/2016 growing season across Poland. Primer sets<i></i> LidBg17/18 and LidBg21/22 strongly amplified fragments of the expected length for all 67 tested samples. Primer specificity was confirmed using field samples of <i>Zymoseptoria tri­tici</i>, <i>Puccinia triticina</i> (syn.<i> P. recondita</i> f. sp.<i> tritici</i>), <i>P. striiformis</i> f. sp.<i> tritici</i>, and <i>Pyrenophora tritici-repentis</i>.

scholarly journals Effect of Abscisic Acid on the Susceptibility of Wheat Leaves to Powdery Mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Babosha
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Concentration Dependence ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in the regulation of protective processes under stresses of various nature. In contrast to abiotic stresses, when a plant and a pathogen interact, this phytohormone is in most cases a negative regulator of resistance. However, even with a similar nature of pathogenesis, ABA can produce different effects. For example, ABA treatment in different experiments induced either a decrease or an increase in the susceptibility of cereals to powdery mildew. The aim of this work was to study the immunomodulatory properties of exogenous ABA depending on its concentration in the pathosystem composed of wheat Triticum aestivum L. plants and powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer f. sp. tritici (syn. Erysiphe graminis). We studied the change in the number of pathogen colonies on susceptible wheat leaves (Zarya and Tavrichanka varieties) when two-week-old seedlings were treated with various ABA concentrations (0–9 μM) before and immediately after they were infected. When whole plants were used in the experiment, ABA was added to Knop’s solution; in experiments with detached leaves floating in Petri dishes, aqueous solutions of the phytohormone were used. Our results show that the magnitude and direction of the effect of exogenous ABA on the number of colonies of the pathogen depends on its concentration and the time of application relative to the moment of infection. ABA concentration dependence was variable in form: similar concentrations could be inhibitory, resulting in the minimum number of colonies, or stimulating, with the maximum number of colonies. At the same time, the pre-infection use of ABA was more likely to be inhibitory. The non-monotonicity and variation of the form of concentration dependence could probably account for the contradictory literature data on the immunomodulatory properties of ABA. The complex nature of the concentration dependence and the corresponding variation in the immunological state within a fairly wide range seem to ensure the Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in the regulation of protective processes under stresses of various nature. In contrast to abiotic stresses, when a plant and a pathogen interact, this phytohormone is in most cases a negative regulator of resistance. However, even with a similar nature of pathogenesis, ABA can produce different effects. For example, ABA treatment in different experiments induced either a decrease or an increase in the susceptibility of cereals to powdery mildew. The aim of this work was to study the immunomodulatory properties of exogenous ABA depending on its concentration in the pathosystem composed of wheat Triticum aestivum L. plants and powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer f. sp. tritici (syn. Erysiphe graminis). We studied the change in the number of pathogen colonies on susceptible wheat leaves (Zarya and Tavrichanka varieties) when two-week-old seedlings were treated with various ABA concentrations (0–9 μM) before and immediately after they were infected. When whole plants were used in the experiment, ABA was added to Knop’s solution; in experiments with detached leaves floating in Petri dishes, aqueous solutions of the phytohormone were used. Our results show that the magnitude and direction of the effect of exogenous ABA on the number of colonies of the pathogen depends on its concentration and the time of application relative to the moment of infection. ABA concentration dependence was variable in form: similar concentrations could be inhibitory, resulting in the minimum number of colonies, or stimulating, with the maximum number of colonies. At the same time, the pre-infection use of ABA was more likely to be inhibitory. The non-monotonicity and variation of the form of concentration dependence could probably account for the contradictory literature data on the immunomodulatory properties of ABA. The complex nature of the concentration dependence and the corresponding variation in the immunological state within a fairly wide range seem to ensure themaintenance of equilibrium in the pathosystem and the chances for survival of both the host plant and the pathogen.

scholarly journals Analysis of a Blumeria graminis-Secreted Lipase Reveals the Importance of Host Epicuticular Wax Components for Fungal Adhesion and Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1601-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Feng ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Guosheng Liu ◽  
David Greenshields ◽  
Wenyun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Secreted Lipase

The biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis releases extracellular materials to the surface of fungal infection structures that facilitate anchoring them to hydrophobic plant surfaces prior to infection; however, the chemistry of fungal adhesives and the mechanism of adhesion remain largely unclear. Expressed sequence tag analysis led to identification of a secreted lipase, Lip1, from B. graminis. Expression of LIP1 is dramatically upregulated during the early stages of fungal development. Lip1, secreted to the surface of fungal cell walls, possesses lipolytic activity against a broad range of glycerides and releases alkanes and primary fatty alcohols from the epicuticular wax of wheat leaves. Of the epicuticular wax components released by Lip1 activity, long-chain alkanes are the most efficient cues for triggering appressorium formation. Pretreatment of wheat leaves with Lip1, thereby removing leaf surface wax, severely compromises components of fungal pathogenicity, including conidial adhesion, appressorium formation, and secondary hypha growth. Our data suggest that Lip1 activity releases cues from the host surface to promote pathogen development and infection.

scholarly journals Virulence of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici on Winter Wheat in the Eastern United States

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Niewoehner ◽  
S. Leath
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Samples of perithecia of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici from senescing wheat leaves were collected by cooperators from 17 states. Ascospores were discharged from perithecia and single-spore isolates were characterized for virulence genes using a differential host series containing 15 known resistance genes. A total of 520 isolates from 17 states were characterized in 1993 and 1994. Virulence frequencies and complexity and racial composition were examined. The data were analyzed for associations among sets of virulence genes and the geographical distribution of phenotypes. Virulence to Pm3c, Pm3f, pm5, Pm6, and Pm7 was present in all states surveyed. Since 1990, virulence to Pm3a has increased in the northeast, and virulence to Pm1, Pm4b, Pm8, and Pm17 has increased across the area surveyed. The resistance genes Pm12 and Pm16 remain highly effective in the southeastern United States. An increase in virulence frequencies and complexity of isolates was observed.

NITROGEN DETERMINATION IN WHEAT LEAVES

1950 ◽  
Vol 28c (6) ◽  
pp. 745-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Mercuric Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Fractions ◽  
Nitrogen Determination ◽  
Satisfactory Method ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Wheat Leaves

A survey of the more promising modifications of the Kjeldahl method for nitrogen determination indicates that the method using mercuric oxide as the catalyst as recommended by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists is the most satisfactory. However small discrepancies were found when this method was applied to wheat leaves fractionated into soluble and protein (actually coagulable and indiffusible) nitrogen fractions. This method includes all the nitrate nitrogen in wheat leaves together with the organic nitrogen even when no pretreatment with salicylic acid is used. A simple and satisfactory method of separating coagulable and indiffusible nitrogen from soluble nitrogen in wheat leaves and seedlings is described.

scholarly journals An important role for secreted esterase in disease establishment of the wheat powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp.tritici

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Feng ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Geoff R. Hughes ◽  
Susan Kaminskyj ◽  
Yangdou Wei
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽  
Diisopropyl Fluorophosphate ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Indigo Blue ◽  
Serine Esterases ◽  
Wheat Leaves

The activity of esterase secreted by conidia of wheat powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, was assayed using indoxyl acetate hydrolysis, which generates indigo blue crystals. Mature, ungerminated, and germinating conidia secrete esterase(s) on artificial media and on plant leaf surfaces. The activity of these esterases was inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, which is selective for serine esterases. When conidia were inoculated on wheat leaves pretreated with diisopropyl fluorophosphate, both appressorial germ tube differentiation and symptom development were significantly impaired, indicating an important role of secreted serine esterases in wheat powdery mildew disease establishment.

scholarly journals Detection of spring wheat plants affected by powdery mildew using hyperspectral survey data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Gurova ◽  
O.A. Dubrovskaja ◽  
O.V. Elkin ◽  
L.V. Maximov ◽  
I.A. Pestunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Hyperspectral Camera

In laboratory experiments, spectral characteristics of three varieties of Siberian selection spring wheat affected under field conditions by powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer) were obtained using hyperspectral camera. The variety specificity of the reflectivity of wheat leaves affected by powdery mildew with the same severity has been established. A change in the leaves reflectivity depending on the severity was revealed. The most informative spectral indicator (index) for the powdery mildew detection has been determined.

Changes in lipid composition of winter wheat leaves under low temperature stress: effect of molybdenum supply

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Yaneva ◽  
R. V. Vunkova-Radeva ◽  
K. L. Stefanov ◽  
A. S. Tsenov ◽  
T. P. Petrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Ultrastructure and lipid composition of etioplasts in developing dark-grown wheat leaves

Planta ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Galey ◽  
Bernadette Francke ◽  
Jacqueline Bahl
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Wheat Leaves
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