scholarly journals Measurement of proton-evaporation rates in fusion reactions leading to transfermium nuclei

2019 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lopez-Martens ◽  
A.V. Yeremin ◽  
M.S. Tezekbayeva ◽  
Z. Asfari ◽  
P. Brionnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Reactions

Status of muon catalysis of nuclear fusion reactions

1990 ◽  
Vol 160 (8) ◽  
pp. 47-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid I. Men'shikov ◽  
L.N. Somov
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Nuclear Fusion Reactions ◽  
Muon Catalysis

Proposed Solutions to Achieve Nuclear Fusion

Engevista ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Relly Victoria Virgil Petrescu ◽  
Raffaella Aversa ◽  
Antonio Apicella ◽  
Florian Ion Petrescu
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Nuclear Fission ◽  
Light Nuclei ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Nuclear Fusion Reactions ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Fusion Products

Despite research carried out around the world since the 1950s, no industrial application of fusion to energy production has yet succeeded, apart from nuclear weapons with the H-bomb, since this application does not aims at containing and controlling the reaction produced. There are, however, some other less mediated uses, such as neutron generators. The fusion of light nuclei releases enormous amounts of energy from the attraction between the nucleons due to the strong interaction (nuclear binding energy). Fusion it is with nuclear fission one of the two main types of nuclear reactions applied. The mass of the new atom obtained by the fusion is less than the sum of the masses of the two light atoms. In the process of fusion, part of the mass is transformed into energy in its simplest form: heat. This loss is explained by the Einstein known formula E=mc2. Unlike nuclear fission, the fusion products themselves (mainly helium 4) are not radioactive, but when the reaction is used to emit fast neutrons, they can transform the nuclei that capture them into isotopes that some of them can be radioactive. In order to be able to start and to be maintained with the success the nuclear fusion reactions, it is first necessary to know all this reactions very well. This means that it is necessary to know both the main reactions that may take place in a nuclear reactor and their sense and effects. The main aim is to choose and coupling the most convenient reactions, forcing by technical means for their production in the reactor. Taking into account that there are a multitude of possible variants, it is necessary to consider in advance the solutions that we consider them optimal. The paper takes into account both variants of nuclear fusion, and cold and hot. For each variant will be mentioned the minimum necessary specifications.

scholarly journals A theorized new class of polyhedral hydrocarbons of molecular formula CnHn and their bottom-up scaffold expansions into hyperstructures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila M. B. Machado ◽  
Nathalia B. D. Lima ◽  
Sóstenes L. S. Lins ◽  
Alfredo M. Simas
Keyword(s):  
General Formula ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
3D Scaffold ◽  
3D Scaffolds ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
New Class ◽  
Euler’S Theorem ◽  
2D And 3D

AbstractWe address the use of Euler's theorem and topological algorithms to design 18 polyhedral hydrocarbons of general formula CnHn that exist up to 28 vertexes containing four- and six-membered rings only; compounds we call “nuggets”. Subsequently, we evaluated their energies to verify the likelihood of their chemical existence. Among these compounds, 13 are novel systems, of which 3 exhibit chirality. Further, the ability of all nuggets to perform fusion reactions either through their square faces, or through their hexagonal faces was evaluated. Indeed, they are potentially able to form bottom-up derived molecular hyperstructures with great potential for several applications. By considering these fusion abilities, the growth of the nuggets into 1D, 2D, and 3D-scaffolds was studied. The results indicate that nugget24a (C24H24) is predicted to be capable of carrying out fusion reactions. From nugget24a, we then designed 1D, 2D, and 3D-scaffolds that are predicted to be formed by favorable fusion reactions. Finally, a 3D-scaffold generated from nugget24a exhibited potential to be employed as a voxel with a chemical structure remarkably similar to that of MOF ZIF-8. And, such a voxel, could in principle be employed to generate any 3D sculpture with nugget24a as its level of finest granularity.

Density variation effects in α + Pb208 and O16 + Pb208 fusion reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaixuan Cheng ◽  
Chang Xu ◽  
Chunwang Ma ◽  
Jie Pu ◽  
Yuting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Density Variation ◽  
Fusion Reactions

scholarly journals Understanding the origin of the positron annihilation line and the physics of supernova explosions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Frontera ◽  
E. Virgilli ◽  
C. Guidorzi ◽  
P. Rosati ◽  
R. Diehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Annihilation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Nuclear Astrophysics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Dark Matter Annihilation ◽  
Annihilation Line ◽  
Supernova Explosions

AbstractNuclear astrophysics, and particularly nuclear emission line diagnostics from a variety of cosmic sites, has remained one of the least developed fields in experimental astronomy, despite its central role in addressing a number of outstanding questions in modern astrophysics. Radioactive isotopes are co-produced with stable isotopes in the fusion reactions of nucleosynthesis in supernova explosions and other violent events, such as neutron star mergers. The origin of the 511 keV positron annihilation line observed in the direction of the Galactic Center is a 50-year-long mystery. In fact, we still do not understand whether its diffuse large-scale emission is entirely due to a population of discrete sources, which are unresolved with current poor angular resolution instruments at these energies, or whether dark matter annihilation could contribute to it. From the results obtained in the pioneering decades of this experimentally-challenging window, it has become clear that some of the most pressing issues in high-energy astrophysics and astro-particle physics would greatly benefit from significant progress in the observational capabilities in the keV-to-MeV energy band. Current instrumentation is in fact not sensitive enough to detect radioactive and annihilation lines from a wide variety of phenomena in our and nearby galaxies, let alone study the spatial distribution of their emission. In this White Paper (WP), we discuss how unprecedented studies in this field will become possible with a new low-energy gamma-ray space experiment, called ASTENA (Advanced Surveyor of Transient Events and Nuclear Astrophysics), which combines new imaging, spectroscopic and polarization capabilities. In a separate WP (Guidorzi et al. 39), we discuss how the same mission concept will enable new groundbreaking studies of the physics of Gamma–Ray Bursts and other high-energy transient phenomena over the next decades.

Entrance Channel Dependence of Production Cross Sections of Superheavy Nuclei in Cold Fusion Reactions

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhao-Qing ◽  
Jin Gen-Ming ◽  
Fu Fen ◽  
Zhang Feng-Shou ◽  
Jia Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Cold Fusion ◽  
Entrance Channel ◽  
Superheavy Nuclei ◽  
Fusion Reactions

Confirmation Of Super Heavy Element Production In [sup 48]Ca Induced Fusion Reactions A Handshake Of Physics And Chemistry For Element 112

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hofmann ◽  
D. Ackermann ◽  
S. Antalic ◽  
H. G. Burkhard ◽  
V. F. Comas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Element ◽  
Fusion Reactions

Alternative Laser Driven Fusion Reactions for Nuclear Energy Without Radioactivity

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ghoranneviss ◽  
Babak Malekynia ◽  
Nader Azizi ◽  
Henrich Hora ◽  
George H. Miley
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Ponderomotive Force ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
State Density ◽  
Helium Isotope ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Solid Density ◽  
Radioactive Radiation

Following the first result of generating nuclear fusion energy without dangerous radioactive radiation by laser ignition of the proton-11Boron reaction (HB11), we applied this method to evaluate other fusion reactions with no primary neutron production as the proton-7Lithium reaction (HLi7) and of the burning of solid density helium isotope 3He (He3-He3). The new method is a combination of now available laser pulses of 10 petawatt (PW) power and duration in the range of picoseconds (ps) or less. The new mechanism follows the initial theory of Chu and of Bobin for side-on ignition of solid state density fusion fuel developed in about 1972 where some later known physics phenomena had to be added. The essential innovation is the use of the discovery of a predicted anomaly when the mentioned laser pulses are sufficiently clean, i.e. free from prepulses by at least a contrast ratio 108 where acceleration by the nonlinear (ponderomotive) force is dominating.

Test for isotopic dependence of electron screening in fusion reactions

1992 ◽  
Vol 279 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Engstler ◽  
G. Raimann ◽  
C. Angulo ◽  
U. Greife ◽  
C. Rolfs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Screening ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Isotopic Dependence

Fusion reactions in dense hot atom assemblies generated by cluster impact

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Beuhler ◽  
G. Friedlander ◽  
Lewis Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Reactions
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