scholarly journals Effective gravitational couplings for cosmological perturbations in the most general scalar–tensor theories with second-order field equations

2011 ◽  
Vol 706 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio De Felice ◽  
Tsutomu Kobayashi ◽  
Shinji Tsujikawa
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Cosmological Perturbations ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
General Scalar

G-INFLATION: INFLATION WITH THE MOST GENERAL SECOND-ORDER FIELD EQUATIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
TSUTOMU KOBAYASHI ◽  
MASAHIDE YAMAGUCHI ◽  
JUN'ICHI YOKOYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectra ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Stability Criteria ◽  
Cosmological Perturbations ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Single Field ◽  
The Stability

In this talk, we have discussed generalized Galileons as a framework to develop the most general single-field inflation models ever, (Generalized) G-inflation, containing previous examples such as k-inflation, extended inflation, and new Higgs inflation as special cases. We have also investigated the background and perturbation evolution in this model, calculating the most general quadratic actions for tensor and scalar cosmological perturbations to give the stability criteria and the power spectra of primordial fluctuations.

scholarly journals Energy Conditions in a Generalized Second-Order Scalar-Tensor Gravity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sharif ◽  
Saira Waheed
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Frw Universe ◽  
Tensor Theory ◽  
Modified Gravity Theories ◽  
General Scalar ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Fluid Matter ◽  
Free Parameters

The study of energy conditions has many significant applications in general relativistic and cosmological contexts. This paper explores the energy conditions in the framework of the most general scalar-tensor theory with field equations involving second-order derivatives. For this purpose, we use flat FRW universe model with perfect fluid matter contents. By taking power law ansatz for scalar field, we discuss the strong, weak, null, and dominant energy conditions in terms of deceleration, jerk, and snap parameters. Some particular cases of this theory likek-essence model, modified gravity theories and so forth. are analyzed with the help of the derived energy conditions, and the possible constraints on the free parameters of the presented models are determined.

scholarly journals Post-Newtonian limit: second-order Jefimenko equations

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pérez Carlos ◽  
Augusto Espinoza ◽  
Andrew Chubykalo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Equations ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Minkowski Space Time ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Gravity Probe ◽  
Gravitational Equations

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to get second-order gravitational equations, a correction made to Jefimenko’s linear gravitational equations. These linear equations were first proposed by Oliver Heaviside in [1], making an analogy between the laws of electromagnetism and gravitation. To achieve our goal, we will use perturbation methods on Einstein field equations. It should be emphasized that the resulting system of equations can also be derived from Logunov’s non-linear gravitational equations, but with different physical interpretation, for while in the former gravitation is considered as a deformation of space-time as we can see in [2–5], in the latter gravitation is considered as a physical tensor field in the Minkowski space-time (as in [6–8]). In Jefimenko’s theory of gravitation, exposed in [9, 10], there are two kinds of gravitational fields, the ordinary gravitational field, due to the presence of masses, at rest, or in motion and other field called Heaviside field due to and acts only on moving masses. The Heaviside field is known in general relativity as Lense-Thirring effect or gravitomagnetism (The Heaviside field is the gravitational analogous of the magnetic field in the electromagnetic theory, its existence was proved employing the Gravity Probe B launched by NASA (See, for example, [11, 12]). It is a type of gravitational induction), interpreted as a distortion of space-time due to the motion of mass distributions, (see, for example [13, 14]). Here, we will present our second-order Jefimenko equations for gravitation and its solutions.

scholarly journals CLASSICAL TRACE ANOMALY

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (07) ◽  
pp. 1233-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. FARHOUDI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Momentum Tensor ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Mathematical Form ◽  
Einstein’S Field Equations ◽  
Einstein’S Equations ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Einstein's Equations ◽  
Trace Anomaly

We seek an analogy of the mathematical form of the alternative form of Einstein's field equations for Lovelock's field equations. We find that the price for this analogy is to accept the existence of the trace anomaly of the energy–momentum tensor even in classical treatments. As an example, we take this analogy to any generic second order Lagrangian and exactly derive the trace anomaly relation suggested by Duff. This indicates that an intrinsic reason for the existence of such a relation should perhaps be, classically, somehow related to the covariance of the form of Einstein's equations.

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