Electric field driven fractal growth in polymer electrolyte composites: Experimental evidence of theoretical simulations

2012 ◽  
Vol 376 (47-48) ◽  
pp. 3604-3608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anit Dawar ◽  
Amita Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Fractal Growth ◽  
Theoretical Simulations

Physical and chemical model of ion stability and movement within the dynamic and voltage-gated STM tip–surface tunneling junction

2017 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon E. Hirsch ◽  
Kevin P. McDonald ◽  
Steven L. Tait ◽  
Amar H. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Mobility Of Ions ◽  
Negative Surface ◽  
Ion Stability ◽  
And Migration

The interaction and mobility of ions in complex systems are fundamental to processes throughout chemistry, biology, and physics. However, nanoscale characterization of ion stability and migration remains poorly understood. Here, we examine ion movements to and from physisorbed molecular receptors at solution–graphite interfaces by developing a theoretical model alongside experimental scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) results. The model includes van der Waals forces and electrostatic interactions originating from the surface, tip, and physisorbed receptors, as well as a tip–surface electric field arising from the STM bias voltage (Vb). Our model reveals how both the electric field and tip–surface distance, dtip, can influence anion stability at the receptor binding sites on the surface or at the STM tip, as well as the size of the barrier for anion transitions between those locations. These predictions agree well with prior and new STM results from the interactions of anions with aryl-triazole receptors that order into functional monolayers on graphite. Scanning produces clear resolution at large magnitude negative surface biases (−0.8 V) while resolution degrades at small negative surface biases (−0.4 V). The loss in resolution arises from frequent tip retractions assigned to anion migration within the tip–surface tunneling region. This experimental evidence in combination with support from the model demonstrates a local voltage gating of anions with the STM tip inside physisorbed receptors. This generalized model and experimental evidence may help to provide a basis to understand the nanoscale details of related chemical transformations and their underlying thermodynamic and kinetic preferences.

scholarly journals Contactless electric–field driven Z-alignment of ceramic nanoparticles in polymer electrolyte to enhance ionic conductivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 108753
Author(s):  
Jiyan Liu ◽  
Wei Fang ◽  
Shuyu Gao ◽  
Yuwei Chen ◽  
Shaoyun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Ceramic Nanoparticles

Experimental evidence for unstable waves in the lower E/Upper D-region excited near the bisector between the electric field and the drift velocity

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 2137-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Blix ◽  
E. V. Thrane ◽  
S. Kirkwood ◽  
Y. S. Dimant ◽  
R. N. Sudan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Drift Velocity ◽  
D Region

Enhanced Hydrogen Diffusion Under Illumination in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.V. Santos ◽  
N.M. Johnson ◽  
R.A. Street
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Diffusion Region ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous ◽  
Carrier Population

ABSTRACTWe provide experimental evidence for the fact that hydrogen diffusion in hydroge-nated amorphous silicon is controlled by the concentration of electronic carriers. It is experimentally demonstrated that the hydrogen diffusion coefficient (a) is enhanced if the carrier population is increased by illumination and (b) is strongly suppressed if carriers are extracted from the diffusion region by the application of an electric field.

Laser induced fractal crystallites in amorphous Te–Se–Br films

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1680-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Carrière ◽  
C. Ortiz ◽  
G. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Fractal Growth ◽  
Cluster Aggregation ◽  
Crystal Transformation ◽  
Fractal Network ◽  
Limited Diffusion

This work presents the first experimental evidence of the formation of a fractal network of crystalline clusters in the first stage of the amorphous-crystal transformation. Although this transformation has been extensively studied, such an intermediate stage between amorphous and crystalline phases has never been experimentally revealed before. This fractal network was obtained by laser irradiation of an amorphous Te–Se–Br alloy. The irradiation conditions have been determined in order to be in a regime of limited diffusion, which is the basis of fractal formation. Moreover, the fractal dimension has been determined to be 1.55, which corresponds to the theoretical value obtained for fractal growth by a process of cluster-cluster aggregation with some structural readjustment.

Experimental evidence of electric inhibition in fast electron penetration and of electric-field-limited fast electron transport in dense matter

2000 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. R5927-R5930 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pisani ◽  
A. Bernardinello ◽  
D. Batani ◽  
A. Antonicci ◽  
E. Martinolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Fast Electron ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Fast Electron Transport

STUDIES OF ER FLUIDS FEATURING RODLIKE PARTICLES

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (23n24) ◽  
pp. 2925-2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
REX C. KANU ◽  
MONTGOMERY T. SHAW
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Mechanical Interaction ◽  
Rodlike Particles ◽  
Er Fluids

Chaining of micron-sized polarizable particles in ER fluids is generally accepted to be responsible for the liquid-to-solid transitions on the application of an external electric field. It has been hypothesized that the strength of the particle-particle interactions solely determines the rheological properties of ER fluids. In our work, the particle’s structure has been used to control interactions; for example, we have developed systems featuring rodlike particles. With such particles it should be possible to enhance the dielectric interaction of the particles as well as their mechanical interaction. The main goal of our effort has been to distinguish between these two mechanisms through measurements of the dielectric properties in conjunction with the rheological responses. Based on the experimental evidence thus far gathered, we can state that most, but not all, of the rheological effects are explainable in terms of the dielectric changes in the fluid.

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