scholarly journals The effectiveness of graded motor imagery for reducing phantom limb pain in amputees: a randomised controlled trial

Physiotherapy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Katleho Limakatso ◽  
Victoria J. Madden ◽  
Shamila Manie ◽  
Romy Parker
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Graded Motor Imagery

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Graded Motor Imagery Intervention for Phantom Limb Pain in Patients with Amputations (GraMI Protocol): A Delphi Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12240
Author(s):  
Sandra Rierola-Fochs ◽  
Luz Adriana Varela-Vásquez ◽  
Jose Antonio Merchán-Baeza ◽  
Eduard Minobes-Molina
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Good Concordance ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Graded Motor Imagery

Background: Phantom limb pain can be defined as discomfort or pain in a missing part of the limb. The aims of this study were to develop and validate, through a Delphi methodology, a graded motor imagery protocol in order to reduce phantom limb pain. Method: Physiotherapists and/or occupational therapists with experience in research and a minimum clinical experience of five years in the field of neurorehabilitation and/or pain were recruited by part of a group of experts to assess the intervention. The study was conducted through an online questionnaire, where experts assessed each aspect of the intervention through a Likert scale. As many rounds as necessary were carried out until consensus was reached among experts. Results: A total of two rounds were required to fully validate the intervention. During the second round, the relative interquartile range of all aspects to be assessed was less than 15%, thus showing a consensus among experts and with good concordance (Kappa index of 0.76). Conclusion: Experts validated a graded motor imagery intervention of phantom limb pain in patients with amputations (GraMi protocol). This intervention can help to homogenize the use of graded motor imagery in future studies and in clinical practice.

Effectiveness of mirror therapy, motor imagery, and virtual feedback on phantom limb pain following amputation: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Herrador Colmenero ◽  
Jose Manuel Perez Marmol ◽  
Celia Martí-García ◽  
María de los Ángeles Querol Zaldivar ◽  
Rosa María Tapia Haro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Limb Pain

Background: Phantom limb pain is reported in 50%–85% of people with amputation. Clinical interventions in treating central pain, such as mirror therapy, motor imagery, or virtual visual feedback, could redound in benefits to amputee patients with phantom limb pain. Objectives: To provide an overview of the effectiveness of different techniques for treating phantom limb pain in amputee patients. Study design: Systematic review. Methods: A computerized literature search up to April 2017 was performed using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PEDro, EBSCOhost, and Cochrane Plus. Methodological quality and internal validity score of each study were assessed using PEDro scale. For data synthesis, qualitative methods from the Cochrane Back Review Group were applied. Results: In all, 12 studies met our inclusion criteria, where 9 were rated as low methodological quality and 3 rated moderate quality. All studies showed a significant reduction in pain, but there was heterogeneity among subjects and methodologies and any high-quality clinical trial (PEDro score ≤8; internal validity score ≤5) was not found. Conclusion: Mirror therapy, motor imaginary, and virtual visual feedback reduce phantom limb pain; however, there is limited scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness. Future studies should include designs with more solid research methods, exploring short- and long-term benefits of these therapies. Clinical relevance This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of mirror therapy, motor imagery, and virtual visual feedback on phantom limb pain, summarizing the currently published trials and evaluating the research quality. Although these interventions have positive benefits in phantom limb pain, there is still a lack of evidence for supporting their effectiveness.

scholarly journals Traditional and augmented reality mirror therapy for patients with chronic phantom limb pain (PACT study): results of a three-group, multicentre single-blind randomized controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1591-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Rothgangel ◽  
Susy Braun ◽  
Bjorn Winkens ◽  
Anna Beurskens ◽  
Rob Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Patient Reported

Objective: To compare the effects of traditional mirror therapy (MT), a patient-centred teletreatment (PACT) and sensomotor exercises without a mirror on phantom limb pain (PLP). Design: Three-arm multicentre randomized controlled trial. Setting: Rehabilitation centres, hospital and private practices. Subjects: Adult patients with unilateral lower limb amputation and average PLP intensity of at least 3 on the 0–10 Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Interventions: Subjects randomly received either four weeks of traditional MT followed by a teletreatment using augmented reality MT, traditional MT followed by self-delivered MT or sensomotor exercises of the intact limb without a mirror followed by self-delivered exercises. Main measures: Intensity, frequency and duration of PLP and patient-reported outcomes assessing limitations in daily life at baseline, 4 weeks, 10 weeks and 6 months. Results: In total, 75 patients received traditional MT ( n = 25), teletreatment ( n = 26) or sensomotor exercises ( n = 24). Mean (SD) age was 61.1 (14.2) years and mean (SD) pain intensity was 5.7 (2.1) on the NRS. Effects of MT at four weeks on PLP were not significant. MT significantly reduced the duration of PLP at six months compared to the teletreatment ( P = 0.050) and control group ( P = 0.019). Subgroup analyses suggested significant effects on PLP in women, patients with telescoping and patients with a motor component in PLP. The teletreatment had no additional effects compared to self-delivered MT at 10 weeks and 6 months. Conclusion: Traditional MT over four weeks was not more effective than sensomotor exercises without a mirror in reducing PLP, although significant effects were suggested in some subgroups.

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