Measuring everyday mobility in patients before and after knee replacement: the validity and reliability of the Four Square Step test

Physiotherapy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. e78-e79
Author(s):  
K. Barker ◽  
M. Batting ◽  
J. Nederend
Keyword(s):  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Four Square

scholarly journals The Effect of Pilates Training on the Balance of Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Zaičenkovienė ◽  
Renata Rakovaitė
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Four Square ◽  
And Control

Research background. Falling is one of the most important problems in the elderly’s mobility disorder, which is most often affected by the loss of balance. It is known that Pilates exercises could help to increase the deep muscle strength, improve posture and proprioception, which affects the improvement of the balance. Objective – to evaluate the effects of Pilates exercises on the elderly’s static and dynamic balance. Methodology. The study population consisted of 20 volunteers, men and women, who were divided into Pilates exercises (n = 10, age 65.1 ± 2.6) and control (n = 10, age 68.6 ± 4.9) groups. The study group participated in Pilates classes 2 times per week for six weeks (session duration 60 minutes). The control group did not participate in any physical activity, but they were physically active as usually in their daily life. The main outcome measures were assessed before and after the intervention. The static balance was assessed by measuring posturographic parameters using the force platform, dynamic balance was measured with the Timed up and Go Test (TUG) and the Four Square Step Test (FSST). Results. The results showed signifcant improvement in static balance of the experimental group after the Pilates exercises during standing tests when the feet were apart, eyes opened and closed and when the feet together with eyes opened, and when the foot was in front of the other foot. The results of the control group did not differ during both tests. The results of both groups did not differ in the static balance tests before and after the study, but after the Pilates exercises, the results of the Pilates group signifcantly differed from the control group test results when the feet were in shoulder line with open eyes. The results of the dynamic balance after Pilates exercises signifcantly improved in both tests in the study group. Before the study, there were not statistically signifcant differences in the dynamic balance results between the groups. Conclusions. Six-week Pilates exercises had a positive effect on the elderly’s static and dynamic balance.Keywords: Pilates training, static balance, dynamic balance.

Validity and reliability of 2-min step test in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloisa Amaral Braghieri ◽  
Hélcio Kanegusuku ◽  
Simone Dal Corso ◽  
Gabriel Grizzo Cucato ◽  
Francielly Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Artery Disease

scholarly journals Factors associated with dynamic balance in people with Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD): a cross-sectional study using a virtual-reality Four Square Step Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe M. H. Aharoni ◽  
Anat V. Lubetzky ◽  
Liraz Arie ◽  
Tal Krasovsky
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Balance Confidence ◽  
Task Duration ◽  
Head Kinematics ◽  
Perceived Disability ◽  
Four Square

Abstract Background Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a condition characterized by chronic subjective dizziness and exacerbated by visual stimuli or upright movement. Typical balance tests do not replicate the environments known to increase symptoms in people with PPPD—crowded places with moving objects. Using a virtual reality system, we quantified dynamic balance in people with PPPD and healthy controls in diverse visual conditions. Methods Twenty-two individuals with PPPD and 29 controls performed a square-shaped fast walking task (Four-Square Step Test Virtual Reality—FSST-VR) using a head-mounted-display (HTC Vive) under 3 visual conditions (empty train platform; people moving; people and trains moving). Head kinematics was used to measure task duration, movement smoothness and anterior–posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) ranges of movement (ROM). Heart rate (HR) was monitored using a chest-band. Participants also completed a functional mobility test (Timed-Up-and-Go; TUG) and questionnaires measuring anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI), balance confidence (Activities-Specific Balance Confidence; ABC), perceived disability (Dizziness Handicap Inventory) and simulator sickness (Simulator Sickness Questionnaire). Main effects of visual load and group and associations between performance, functional and self-reported outcomes were examined. Results State anxiety and simulator sickness did not increase following testing. AP-ROM and HR increased with high visual load in both groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant between-group differences in head kinematics. In the high visual load conditions, high trait anxiety and longer TUG duration were moderately associated with reduced AP and ML-ROM in the PPPD group and low ABC and  high perceived disability were associated with reduced AP-ROM (|r| =  0.47 to 0.53; p < 0.05). In contrast, in controls high STAI-trait, low ABC and longer TUG duration were associated with increased AP-ROM (|r| = 0.38 to 0.46; p < 0.05) and longer TUG duration was associated with increased ML-ROM (r = 0.53, p < 0.01). Conclusions FSST-VR may shed light on movement strategies in PPPD beyond task duration. While no main effect of group was observed, the distinct associations with self-reported and functional outcomes, identified using spatial head kinematics, suggest that some people with PPPD reduce head degrees of freedom when performing a dynamic balance task. This supports a potential link between spatial perception and PPPD symptomatology.

scholarly journals FRI0514 USE OF OPIATE FOR HIP AND KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS BEFORE AND AFTER JOINT REPLACEMENT SURGERY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 856.1-856
Author(s):  
C. Lao ◽  
D. Lees ◽  
D. White ◽  
R. Lawrenson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Charlson Comorbidity Index ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Charlson Comorbidity Index Score ◽  
Joint Replacement Surgery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Comorbidity Index

Background:Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee is one of the most common causes of reduced mobility. It also causes stiffness and pain. Opioids can offer pain relief but is usually used for severe acute pain caused by major trauma or surgery. The use of opioids for relief of chronic pain caused by arthritis has increased over the last few decades.[1]Objectives:This study aims to investigate the use of strong opiates for patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis before and after joint replacement surgery, over a 13 years period in New Zealand.Methods:This study included patients with osteoarthritis who underwent publicly funded primary hip and knee replacement surgeries in 2005-2017 in New Zealand. These records were identified from the National Minimum Dataset (NMD). They were cross referenced with the NZJR data to exclude the admissions not for primary hip or knee replacement surgeries. Patients without a diagnosis of osteoarthritis were excluded.The PHARMS dataset was linked to the NMD to identify the use of strong opiates before and after surgeries. The strong opiates available for community dispensing in New Zealand and included in this study are: dihydrocodeine, fentanyl, methadone, morphine, oxycodone and pethidine. Use of opiate within three months prior to surgery and within 12 months post-surgery were examined by gender, age group, ethnicity, Charlson Comorbidity Index score and year of surgery. Differences by subgroup was examined with Chi- square test. Logistic regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios of strong opiate use before and after surgery compared with no opiate use.Results:We identified 53,439 primary hip replacements and 50,072 primary knee replacements with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Of patients with hip osteoarthritis, 6,251 (11.7%) had strong opiate before hip replacement surgeries and 11,939 (22.3%) had opiate after surgeries. Of patients with knee osteoarthritis, 2,922 (5.8%) had strong opiate before knee replacement surgeries and 15,252 (30.5%) had opiate after surgeries.The probability of patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis having opiate decreased with age, increased with Charlson comorbidity index score, and increased over time both before and after surgeries. Male patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis were less likely to have opiate than female patients both before and after surgeries. New Zealand Europeans with hip and knee osteoarthritis were more likely to receive opiate than other ethnic groups prior to surgeries, but were less likely to have opiate than Asians post-surgeries.Patients who had opiate before surgeries were more likely to have opiate after surgeries than those who did not have opiate before surgeries. The odds ratio was 8.34 (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.87-8.84) for hip osteoarthritis and 11.94 (95% CI: 10.84-13.16) for knee osteoarthritis after adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, year of surgery and Charlson comorbidity index score. Having opiate prior to surgeries also increased the probability of having opiate for 6 weeks or more after surgeries substantially. The adjusted odds ratio was 21.46 (95% CI: 19.74-23.31) for hip osteoarthritis and 27.22 (95% CI: 24.95-29.68) for knee osteoarthritis.Conclusion:Preoperative opiate holidays should be encouraged. Multiple strategies need to be used to develop analgesic plans that allow adequate rehabilitation, without precipitating a chronic opiate dependence. Clinicians would also benefit from clear guidelines for prescribing strong opiates.References:[1] Nguyen, L.C., D.C. Sing, and K.J. Bozic,Preoperative Reduction of Opioid Use Before Total Joint Arthroplasty.J Arthroplasty, 2016.31(9 Suppl): p. 282-7.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Self-Reported Knee Instability Before and After Total Knee Replacement Surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Fleeton ◽  
Alison R. Harmer ◽  
Lillias Nairn ◽  
Jack Crosbie ◽  
Lyn March ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Instability ◽  
Knee Replacement Surgery ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Total Knee Replacement Surgery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Knee

Thalamic Neurometabolite Alterations in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis Before and After Total Knee Replacement

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Akila Weerasekera ◽  
Erin Morrissey ◽  
Minhae Kim ◽  
Atreyi Saha ◽  
Yang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Knee
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