How predictive is body weight on fluid intake in rats? It depends on sex.

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 113262
Author(s):  
Jessica Santollo ◽  
Andrea A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fluid Intake

scholarly journals Effects of a 14-Day Hydration Intervention on Individuals with Habitually Low Fluid Intake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron R. Caldwell ◽  
Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell ◽  
Carson Keeter ◽  
Evan C. Johnson ◽  
François Péronnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Experimental Group

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Debate continues over whether or not individuals with low total water intake (TWI) are in a chronic fluid deficit (i.e., low total body water) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>]. When women with habitually low TWI (1.6 ± 0.5 L/day) increased their fluid intake (3.5 ± 0.1 L/day) for 4 days 24-h urine osmolality decreased, but there was no change in body weight, a proxy for total body water (TBW) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>]. In a small (<i>n</i> = 5) study of adult men, there were no observable changes in TBW, as measured by bioelectrical impedance, after increasing TWI for 4 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>]. However, body weight increased and salivary osmolality decreased indicating that the study may have been underpowered to detect changes in TBW. Further, no studies to date have measured changes in blood volume (BV) when TWI is increased. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify individuals with habitually low fluid intake and determine if increasing TWI, for 14 days, resulted in changes in TBW or BV. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In order to identify individuals with low TWI, 889 healthy adults were screened. Participants with a self-reported TWI less than 1.8 L/day (men) or 1.2 L/day (women), and a 24-h urine osmolality greater than 800 mOsm were included in the intervention phase of the study. For the intervention phase, 15 participants were assigned to the experimental group and 8 participants were assigned to the control group. The intervention period lasted for 14 days and consisted of 2 visits to our laboratory: one before the intervention (baseline) and 14 days into the intervention (14-day follow-up). At these visits, BV was measured using a CO-rebreathe procedure and deuterium oxide (D<sub>2</sub>O) was administered to measure TBW. Urine samples were collected immediately prior, and 3–8 h after the D<sub>2</sub>O dose to allow for equilibration. Prior to each visit, participants collected 24-h urine to measure 24-h hydration status. After the baseline visit, the experimental group increased their TWI to 3.7 L for males and 2.7 L for females in order to meet the current Institute of Medicine recommendations for TWI. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-four-hour urine osmolality decreased (−438.7 ± 362.1 mOsm; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and urine volume increased (1,526 ± 869 mL; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) in the experimental group from baseline, while there were no differences in osmolality (−74.7 ± 572 mOsm; <i>p</i> = 0.45), or urine volume (−32 ± 1,376 mL; <i>p</i> = 0.89) in the control group. However, there were no changes in BV (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>a) or changes in TBW (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>b) in either group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Increasing fluid intake in individuals with habitually low TWI increases 24-h urine volume and decreases urine osmolality but does not result in changes in TBW or BV. These findings are in agreement with previous work indicating that TWI interventions lasting 3 days [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>] to 4 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>] do not result in changes in TBW. Current evidence would suggest that the benefits of increasing TWI are not related changes in TBW.

scholarly journals The effect of artificial sweeteners on body weight of mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyad Ali ◽  
Naser Shraim ◽  
Wafaa’ Atrash ◽  
Aisha Sirafi ◽  
Huda Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes

Artificial Sweeteners (AS) are synthetic sugar substitutes that have sweetening potency hundreds of times more than the table sugar (sucrose). Artificial sweeteners are regarded as attractive alternatives to sugar as they add no calories to food intake. There are many hypotheses suggesting that AS may enhance appetite and cause weight gain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AS on food intake, fluid intake and body weight of mice. Acceptable daily intakes of AS solutions were administered orally to different set of mice for four weeks. The body weight, food consumption and fluid intake were measured. At the same time, the effect of Zingiber officinale extracts (natural appetite suppressor), Thymus vulgaris extracts (natural appetite inducer) and cyproheptadine (an appetite stimulant drug) on body weight of mice was evaluated. Artificial sweeteners consumption cause insignificant changes in body weight (p>0.05). However, the mean consumption of food and solutions varies significantly for some groups. The consumption of AS has no significant effect on body weight and may contribute to weight maintenance and energy balance as substitutes to high caloric sugar

scholarly journals Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Dehidrasi pada Pekerja Tempe di Kelurahan Rajawali Kota Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Novitri Sari ◽  
Eko Mirsiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Fluid Consumption ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chi Square Test

Dehidrasi merupakan kekurangan cairan tubuh karena jumlah cairan yang keluar lebih banyak dari pada jumlah cairan yang masuk. Salah satu pekerjaan yang beresiko mengalami dehidrasi adalah pada perebusan pembuatan tempe dimana menggunakan lingkungan yang cukup panas sehingga banyak mengeluarkan keringat dan mebutuhkan asupan cairan yang lebih. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian dehidrasi pada pekerja pengrajin tempe. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh jumlah pengrajin tempe. Sampel berjumlah 30 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara total sampling. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian ada hubungan konsumsi cairan (0,004) dan beban kerja (0,007) dengan kejadian dehidrasi pada pekerja pengrajin tempe. Tidak ada hubungan berat badan dengan kejadian dehidrasi pada pekerja pengrajin tempe (p=0,875). Diharapkan pemilik usaha pengrajin tempe untuk dapat selalu menyediakan air minum yang cukup bagi pekerjanya saat pekerja membutuhkan sehingga kejadian dehidrasi dan dampaknya dapat diminimalisir. Dehydration is a lack of body fluids because the amount of fluid that comes out is more than the amount of fluid that is entered. One of the jobs that are at risk of dehydration is in boiling the manufacture of tempeh which uses a hot enough environment so that you sweat a lot and require more fluid intake. The research objective was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of dehydration in tempe craftsmen. This research is a descriptive analytic study with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all of the tempe craftsmen. The sample is 30 respondents. The sampling technique was total sampling. Data analysis in this study was univariate and bivariate with the chi square test. The results showed a relationship between fluid consumption (0.004) and workload (0.007) with the incidence of dehydration among workers of tempe craftsmen. There is no correlation between body weight and dehydration in tempe craftsmen workers (p = 0.875). It is expected that the tempe craftsman business owners can always provide sufficient drinking water for their workers when they need them so that the incidence of dehydration and its impact can be minimized.

138 Fluid overload in newborns undergoing abdominal surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. e96-e97
Author(s):  
Nikoo Niknafs
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Fluid Overload ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Ventilator Support ◽  
Post Operation

Abstract Primary Subject area Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Background Infants undergoing abdominal surgery, particularly those born preterm, are at risk of postoperative fluid overload and acute kidney injury due to immature cardiac and renal functions, which could contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the burden of fluid overload and acute kidney injury among newborns undergoing abdominal surgery and the association with adverse neonatal outcomes. Design/Methods Newborns who had undergone laparotomy from January 2017 to June 2019 admitted to a tertiary level Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were included in this retrospective cohort study. Fluid overload was assessed by the maximum percentage change in body weight and the difference between actual and prescribed fluid intake post-operatively. Acute kidney injury was defined as an increase in serum creatinine &gt;1.5 times of baseline or &gt;26 mmol/L, or oliguria (&lt; 0 .5mL/kg/hr over 24-hour). Results There were 60 eligible infants with medians [IQR] gestational age (GA) and birth weight being 29 weeks [25–36] and 1240 grams [721–2871], respectively. Indications for laparotomy included small bowel obstruction (45%), necrotizing enterocolitis (23%), and large bowel obstruction (11.7%). In the first three post-operative days, 24/60 (40%) required inotropes, 5/59 (8.5%) had hyponatremia (&lt;130 mmol/L), and 15/31(48.4%) developed hypoalbuminemia (&lt;20 g/L). 52/60 (86.7%) infants had serum creatinine measured and 4 (6.7%) fulfilled our AKI criteria. The median of actual fluid intake was significantly higher than the prescribed fluid intake in the first 7 post-operative days (p&lt;0.01) [Figure 1]. Medians [IQR] of maximum % change of body weight within the first 3- and 7-days post operation were 6 [3–13] and 11 [5 –17], respectively. While we did not identify any associations between post-operative fluid overload and mortality/bronchopulmonary dysplasia in this cohort, we found that every 1% increase in weight gain within the first 3 days post-operation were associated with an increase in 0.6 day of invasive ventilator support (p=0.012) [Figure 2]. Such correlation still exists after adjusting for GA (p=0.033). Conclusion In our cohort of newborns undergoing abdominal surgery, weight gain within the first three post-operative days was associated with an increase in duration of invasive ventilator support. Fluid overload does not seem to be associated with acute kidney injury. Careful attention to intra and early postoperative fluid balance may play an important role in optimizing outcomes of newborns undergoing abdominal surgery.

Voluntary fluid intake, hydration status, and aerobic performance of adolescent athletes in the heat

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boguslaw Wilk ◽  
Brian W. Timmons ◽  
Oded Bar-Or
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Time To Exhaustion

We determined whether beverage flavoring and composition would stimulate voluntary drink intake, prevent dehydration, and maintain exercise performance in heat-acclimated adolescent males running in the heat. Eight adolescent (age, 13.7 ± 1.1 years) runners (peak oxygen uptake, 59.5 ± 4.0 mL·kg–1·min–1) underwent at least four 80-min exercise heat-acclimation sessions before completing 3 experimental sessions. All sessions were performed at 30 °C and 60%–65% relative humidity. Each experimental session consisted of five 15-min treadmill runs at a speed eliciting 65% peak oxygen uptake, with a 5 min rest prior to each run. Ten minutes after the final run, a time to exhaustion test was performed at a speed eliciting 90% peak oxygen uptake. Counterbalanced experimental sessions were identical, except for fluid intake, which consisted of tap water (W), flavored water (FW), and FW with 6% carbohydrate and 18 mmol·L–1 NaCl (CNa) consumed ad libitum. Fluid intake and body weight were monitored to calculate dehydration. Voluntary fluid intake was similar to fluid losses in W (1032 ± 130 vs. 1340 ± 246 g), FW (1086 ± 86 vs. 1451 ± 253 g), and CNa (1259 ± 119 vs. 1358 ± 234 g). As a result, significant dehydration was avoided in all trials (–0.45% ± 0.68% body weight in W, –0.66% ± 0.50% body weight in FW, and –0.13% ± 0.71% body weight in CNa). Core temperature increased by ~1 °C during exercise, but was not different between trials. Time to exhaustion was not different between trials and averaged 8.8 ± 1.7 min. Under exercise conditions more closely reflecting real-life situations, heat-acclimatized adolescent male runners can appropriately gauge fluid intake regardless of the type of beverage made available, resulting in consistency in exercise performance.

scholarly journals Usage of Fruit-Infused Water for Prevention of Dehydration Due to Endurance Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-422
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arif Ali ◽  
Setya Rahayu ◽  
Nanang Indardi ◽  
Gustiana Mega Anggita ◽  
Fatona Soraya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Urine Color ◽  
Before And After

This study aimed to extend previous investigation regarding its beneficial effects on changes of blood glucose. This experimental research was conducted from 06:00-12:00. Twenty-four young men (age 19-20 y.o.) were divided into three groups, Fasting-Exercise-Only (FEO), Fasting-Exercise-Water (FEW), and Fasting-Exercise with Fruit-Infused Water (FEF). Subjects underwent fasting for 12 h before the experimental day. The data of body weight (Kg) and macroscopic urine color were collected before and after exercise. Body weight in all experimental groups were decreased by 1% during endurance exercise. There were no differences in decrease of body weight between FEF and FEW groups compared to FEO group (p>.05). The change in urine color was significantly different between pre-exercise and post-exercise data (p<.05). The darkest urine color was observed in FEO group (4.75), followed by FEW group (4.25), while FEF group (3.63) did not reach dehydration level. In conclusion, fruit-infused water is suggested to be drink as a choice for fluid intake during exercise.

The Influence of Dialysate Exchange on Cardiac Output in CAPD Patients

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Vandenbogaerde ◽  
Erve Matthys ◽  
Jan Everaert ◽  
Francis Colardyn ◽  
Norbert Lameire
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysate ◽  
Dialysate Volume

The influence of a peritoneal dialysate exchange on cardiac output (CO) in the setting of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), was studied in 12 patients before, during and between two consecutive exchanges. The two exchanges only differed in that, during the second exchange, the patients were more dehydrated because fluid intake was forbidden during the study -mean sum of volume loss between the two exchanges: 319 ± 86 ml/min. During the first exchange, neither removal and instillation of dialysate resulted in significant hemodynamic alterations. During the second exchange, the removal of dialysate resulted in an increase of CO (from 5.7 ± 0.4 l/min to 6.2 ± 0.5 l/min, p < 0.05) and the instillation of fresh dialysate in a decrease of CO (from 6.2 ± 0.5 l/min to 5.8 ± 0.5 l/min, p < 0.05). It is concluded that, in the setting of CAPD, a dialysate exchange does not result in significant hemodynamic alterations, unless the patient's fluid intake has been restricted. Furthermore, the hemodynamic alterations were not more pronounced in those patients with low body weight, despite the use of the same dialysate volume.

Protective Effects of Delapril, Indapamide and Their Combination Chronically Administered to Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Fed a High-Sodium Diet

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Biagini ◽  
Michele Zoli ◽  
Carla Torn ◽  
Sabina Boschi ◽  
Giuseppe Vantaggiato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
High Sodium Diet

1. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp) have been used widely to test agents putatively capable of vascular protection. These animals present an accelerated time course of hypertension and a reduced life-span. When fed a high-sodium diet from the eighth week of life, a further acceleration in blood pressure increase is obtained, and rats start to die after 5 weeks of diet as a consequence of cerebral haemorrhage. In this model, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were repeatedly proved to prevent vascular lesions and death. Notably, this effect was independent of any hypotensive effect. On the contrary, diuretics were shown not to be equally effective. A combination of ACE inhibitors and diuretics, although known to have synergistic effects in the therapy of hypertension, has never previously been tested. 2. Our aim was to study the effects of long-term treatment with the ACE inhibitor delapril (12 mg day−1 kg−1), the thiazide-like diuretic indapamide (1 mg day−1 kg−1), and their combination (12 and 1 mg day−1 kg−1 respectively), on the survival of SHRsp rats fed a high-sodium diet from the eighth week of life onwards. The effects of the treatments on blood pressure, body weight, food and fluid intake, diuresis, proteinuria and the appearance of lesion signs and death were assessed weekly. When control rats reached 50% mortality, they were killed, together with some drug-treated rats, to compare lesions in brain and kidney. The other drug-treated rats continued treatments until 50% mortality was reached in two treatment groups. 3. All drug treatments were able to delay death significantly when compared with control rats, which reached 50% mortality after 6 weeks of salt loading. This event was preceded by a highly significant increase in proteinuria, diuresis and fluid intake that took place 3 weeks after the increase in blood pressure over the initial range. In delapril- or indapamide-treated SHRsp these changes were never seen, even when animals started to die. In the combination-treated group, a significant increase (P < 0.01) in fluid intake and diuresis, but not proteinuria, was observed from the third week of treatment onwards. 4. Treatment with delapril or indapamide did not block the progressive increase in blood pressure as observed in control animals. However, the increase in blood pressure was markedly retarded with respect to control rats. At variance with this, in combination-treated animals blood pressure levels were maintained until the end of the experiment within the 99% confidence interval initially observed in control animals. 5. Infarctual and haemorrhagic cerebral lesions were observed in 38% of control rats; no lesions were noted in brains of age-matched rats receiving a drug treatment. Kidneys from control animals presented major degenerative lesions of glomeruli and arteries, characterized by fibrinoid necrosis. This condition was absent in drug-treated animals, which presented minor signs of ischaemic lesion. Heart hypertrophy, when heart weight was expressed as a percentage of body weight, was similar in saline-, delapril- or indapamide-treated rats. At variance with this, in combination-treated animals the heart weight to body weight ratio was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than in the other groups. 6. In conclusion, the diuretic indapamide showed similar protective effects as the ACE inhibitor delapril on acute vascular lesions and survival of SHRsp. Moreover, their combination synergized in preventing heart hypertrophy consequent to long-term hypertension. This result is probably related to the enhanced diuresis and the better control of blood pressure levels selectively found in combination-treated animals.

scholarly journals The Effect of Limiting Fluid Intake on Clinical, Biochemical and Functional Parameters in Compensated Heart Failure Patients at a North Indian Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (42) ◽  
pp. 2389-2393
Author(s):  
Prafull Sharma ◽  
Vivek Guleria ◽  
Salil Garg ◽  
Gaurav Batta ◽  
Niket Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction

BACKGROUND Restriction of fluid is widely adopted as a strategic non-pharmacological therapy for patients with heart failure (HF). However, insufficient fluid leads to intravascular volume contraction further causing hypoperfusion of vital organs. Renal dysfunction and cardiac ischemia caused by hypoperfusion can further aggravate heart failure. Therefore, the authors decided to study the effect of fluid intake on various functional and cardiac parameters of patients of HF. METHODS 50 patients with a diagnosis of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who had been discharged from the hospital since last 6 months and who were on restricted fluid therapy were included in the study. Patients were advised to visit the OPD once every 4 weeks and provide a record of their fluid intake. All patients irrespective of functional class were advised a fluid intake of 30 mL / day / Kg body weight. Functional status, biochemical parameters and clinical parameters were measured regularly until the end of 12 weeks. RESULTS There was marked improvement in the functional status of patients and statistically significant number was shifted from NYHA III and IV to NYHA I and II. PFI (Prescribed Fluid Intake) was associated with improvement of exercise tolerance in all NYHA Classes. Creatinine levels declined in all NYHA Classes with very high drop from 2.32 to 1.0 in NYHA Class IV. CONCLUSIONS Compensated HF patients should be prescribed physiologically correct dietary fluid intake based on body weight. This improves their functional capacity, biochemical parameters and left ventricular ejection fraction. KEYWORDS Heart Failure, Diet, Sodium-Restricted, Diuretics, Exercise Tolerance

Effect of High and Low Rates of Fluid Intake on Post-exercise Rehydration

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M.R. Kovacs ◽  
Regina M. Schmahl ◽  
Joan M.G. Senden ◽  
Fred Brouns
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Fluid Consumption ◽  
Post Exercise

The effect of a high (H) and a low (L) rate of post-exercise fluid consumption on plasma volume and fluid balance restoration was investigated. Eight well-trained cyclists were dehydrated at 3% of body weight (BW) by cycling at 28 °C. During the recovery period, they ingested a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution in a volume equivalent to 120% of BW loss. Randomly, they ingested 60%, 40%, and 20% in the 1 st, 2nd, and 3rd hours of the recovery period, respectively (H), or 24% · h−1 during 5 hours (L). BW loss was similar for both trials and resulted in a total drink intake of 2.6 ± 0.1 kg. Urine output in H exceeded significantly that of L in the 2nd and 3rd hours. This was reversed in the 5th and 6th hours. Plasma volume and fluid balance increased more rapidly in H compared to L. After 6 hours this difference disappeared. It is concluded that H results in a faster rate of plasma volume and fluid balance restoration compared to L, despite a temporary large urine output.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document