scholarly journals The dynamic regulation of appetitive behavior through lateral hypothalamic orexin and melanin concentrating hormone expressing cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 113234
Author(s):  
Jenna Lee ◽  
Lauren Raycraft ◽  
Alexander W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Appetitive Behavior ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamic ◽  
Melanin Concentrating Hormone

scholarly journals Specific pattern of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neuron degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and possible clinical implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihovil Mladinov ◽  
Jun Yeop Oh ◽  
Cathrine Petersen ◽  
Rana Eser ◽  
Song Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamic ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Melanin Concentrating Hormone

ABSTRACTStudy ObjectivesThe lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is one of the key regions orchestrating sleep and wake control. It is the site of wake-promoting orexinergic and sleep-promoting melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons, which share a close anatomical and functional relation. The aim of the study was to investigate the degeneration of MCH neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and relate the new findings to our previously reported pattern of degeneration of wake-promoting orexinergic neuronsMethodsPost-mortem human brain tissue of subjects with AD, PSP and controls was examined using unbiased stereology. Double immunohistochemistry with MCH- and tau-antibodies on formalin-fixed, celloidin embedded tissue was performed.ResultsThere was no difference in the total number of MCH neurons between AD, PSP and controls, but a significant loss of non-MCH neurons in AD patients (p=0.019). The proportion of MCH neurons was significantly higher in AD (p=0.0047). No such a difference was found in PSP. In PSP, but not AD, the proportion of tau+ MCH neurons was lower than the proportion of tau+ non-MCH neurons (p=0.002). When comparing AD to PSP, the proportion of tau+MCH neurons was higher in AD (p<0.001).ConclusionsMCH neurons are more vulnerable to AD than PSP pathology. High burden of tau-inclusions, but comparably milder loss of MCH neurons in AD, together with previously reported orexinergic neuronal loss may lead to a hyperexcitability of the MCH system in AD, contributing to wake-sleep disorders in AD. Further experimental research is needed to understand why MCH neurons are more resistant to tau-toxicity compared to orexinergic neurons.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEThis is the first study to investigate the involvement of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. MCH neurons are key regulators of sleep and metabolic functions, and one of the major neuronal populations of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), but still underexplored in humans. Uncovering the pathology of this neuronal population in neurodegenerative disorders will improve our understanding of the complex neurobiology of the LHA and the interaction between MCH and orexinergic neurons. This new knowledge may open new strategies for treatment interventions. Further, this study represents a fundament for future research on MCH neurons and the LHA in tauopathies.

scholarly journals Lateral hypothalamic GAD65 neurons are spontaneously firing and distinct from orexin- and melanin-concentrating hormone neurons

2013 ◽  
Vol 591 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh M. Karnani ◽  
Gábor Szabó ◽  
Ferenc Erdélyi ◽  
Denis Burdakov
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Hypothalamic ◽  
Melanin Concentrating Hormone

scholarly journals Neurochemical Heterogeneity Among Lateral Hypothalamic Hypocretin/Orexin and Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neurons Identified Through Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis

eNeuro ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0013-17.2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Mickelsen ◽  
Fredrick W. Kolling ◽  
Brock R. Chimileski ◽  
Akie Fujita ◽  
Carol Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamic ◽  
Cell Gene Expression ◽  
Melanin Concentrating Hormone ◽  
Cell Gene

scholarly journals Lateral Hypothalamic Area Glutamatergic Neurons and Their Projections to the Lateral Habenula Modulate the Anesthetic Potency of Isoflurane in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyi Zhao ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Huiming Li ◽  
Sa Wang ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Lateral Habenula ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Glutamatergic Neurons ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamic ◽  
Melanin Concentrating Hormone ◽  
Anesthetic Potency ◽  
Eeg Features

AbstractThe lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) plays a pivotal role in regulating consciousness transition, in which orexinergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, and melanin-concentrating hormone neurons are involved. Glutamatergic neurons have a large population in the LHA, but their anesthesia-related effect has not been explored. Here, we found that genetic ablation of LHA glutamatergic neurons shortened the induction time and prolonged the recovery time of isoflurane anesthesia in mice. In contrast, chemogenetic activation of LHA glutamatergic neurons increased the time to anesthesia and decreased the time to recovery. Optogenetic activation of LHA glutamatergic neurons during the maintenance of anesthesia reduced the burst suppression pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and shifted EEG features to an arousal pattern. Photostimulation of LHA glutamatergic projections to the lateral habenula (LHb) also facilitated the emergence from anesthesia and the transition of anesthesia depth to a lighter level. Collectively, LHA glutamatergic neurons and their projections to the LHb regulate anesthetic potency and EEG features.

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