Fluoxetine increases hippocampal neural survival by improving axonal transport in stress-induced model of depression male rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 113140
Author(s):  
Fahime Zavvari ◽  
Arezo Nahavandi
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Neural Survival

scholarly journals The Effects of Bisphenol A Exposure at Different Developmental Time Points in an Androgen-Sensitive Neuromuscular System in Male Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (8) ◽  
pp. 2972-2977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A. Jones ◽  
Lydia S. Wagner ◽  
Neil V. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Soma Size ◽  
Neural Survival ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

The industrial plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous endocrine disruptor to which the general human population is routinely exposed. Although BPA is well known as an estrogenic mimic, there have been some suggestions that this compound may also alter activity at the androgen receptor. To determine whether BPA does have antiandrogenic properties, we evaluated BPA effects in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus and dorsolateral nucleus, sexually dimorphic groups of motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord that are critically dependent on androgens for survival and maintenance, as well as the monomorphic retrodorsolateral nucleus. In experiment 1, we administered varying concentrations of BPA to juvenile rats pre- and postnatally and examined both the number and size of motor neurons in adulthood. In experiment 2, different doses of BPA were given to adult rats for 28 days, after which the soma size of motor neurons were measured. Although no effect of BPA on neural survival or soma size was noted after perinatal BPA exposure, BPA exposure did result in a decrease in soma size in all motor neuron pools after chronic exposure in adulthood. These findings are discussed with regard to putative antiandrogenic effects of BPA; we argue that BPA is not antiandrogenic but is acting through nonandrogen receptor-dependent mechanisms.

The Morphology of the Rat Kidney Following Folic Acid Administration

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Aline Byrnes ◽  
Elsa E. Ramos ◽  
Minoru Suzuki ◽  
E.D. Mayfield
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Biochemical Alterations

Renal hypertrophy was induced in 100 g male rats by the injection of 250 mg folic acid (FA) dissolved in 0.3 M NaHCO3/kg body weight (i.v.). Preliminary studies of the biochemical alterations in ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism of the renal tissue have been reported recently (1). They are: RNA content and concentration, orotic acid-c14 incorporation into RNA and acid soluble nucleotide pool, intracellular localization of the newly synthesized RNA, and the specific activity of enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. The present report describes the light and electron microscopic observations in these animals. For light microscopy, kidney slices were fixed in formalin, embedded, sectioned, and stained with H & E and PAS.

Fine Structural Changes in the Adenohypophyses of Rats Following Destruction of the Pituitary Stalk

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
J. M. Bilbao ◽  
F. A. Laszlo ◽  
I. Domokos
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Electrolytic lesions of the pituitary stalk in rats interrupt adenohypophysial blood flow and result in massive infarction of the anterior lobe. In order to obtain a deeper insight into the morphogenesis of tissue injury and to reveal the sequence of events, a fine structural investigation was undertaken on adenohypophyses of rats at various intervals following destruction of the pituitary stalk.The pituitary stalk was destroyed electrolytically, with a Horsley-Clarke apparatus on 27 male rats of the R-Amsterdam strain, weighing 180-200 g. Thirty minutes, 1,2,4,6 and 24 hours after surgery the animals were perfused with a glutaraldehyde-formalin solution. The skulls were then opened and the pituitary glands removed. The anterior lobes were fixed in glutaraldehyde-formalin solution, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Durcupan. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and investigated with a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Ultrastructural Localization of Acetylcholinesterase in the Arcuate Nucleus and Median Eminence of the Rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
K.A. Carson ◽  
C.B. Nemeroff ◽  
M.S. Rone ◽  
J.S. Kizer ◽  
J.S. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Good Marker ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
High Doses

Biochemical, physiological, pharmacological, and more recently enzyme histo- chemical data have indicated that cholinergic circuits exist in the hypothalamus. Ultrastructural correlates of these pathways such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE) positive neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and stained terminals in the median eminence (ME) have yet to be described. Initial studies in our laboratories utilizing chemical lesioning and microdissection techniques coupled with microchemical and light microscopic enzyme histo- chemical studies suggested the existence of cholinergic neurons in the ARC which project to the ME (1). Furthermore, in adult male rats with Halasz deafferentations (hypothalamic islands composed primarily of the isolated ARC and the ME) choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) activity, a good marker for cholinergic neurons, was not significantly reduced in the ME and was only somewhat reduced in the ARC (2). Treatment of neonatal rats with high doses of monosodium 1-glutamate (MSG) results in a lesion largely restricted to the neurons of the ARC.

The ultrastructure of acinar cells in the external orbital gland of young and old male rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
R. Carriere
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Polyploid Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Golgi Membranes ◽  
Diploid Cells

The external orbital gland of the albino rat exhibits both sexual dimorphism and histological age changes. In males, many cells attain a remarkable degree of polyploidy and an increase of polyploid cell number constitutes the major age change until young adulthood. The acini of young adults have a small lumen and are composed of tall serous cells. Subsequently, many acini acquire a larger lumen with an irregular outline while numerous vacuoles accumulate throughout the secretory cells. At the same time, vesicular acini with a large lumen surrounded by pale-staining low cuboidal diploid cells begin to appear and their number increases throughout old age. The fine structure of external orbital glands from both sexes has been explored and in considering acinar cells from males, emphasis was given to the form of the Golgi membranes and to nuclear infoldings of cytoplasmic constituents.

The Effect of Androgen Depletion and Replacement on the Epithelium of the Seminal Vesicle of the Aging Rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 590-591
Author(s):  
Venita F. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aging Rat ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Androgen Depletion

In 1930, Moore, Hughes and Gallager reported that after castration seminal vesicle epithelial cell atrophy occurred and that cell regeneration could be achieved with daily injections of testis extract. Electron microscopic studies have confirmed those observations and have shown that testosterone injections restore the epithelium of the seminal vesicle in adult castrated male rats. Studies concerned with the metabolism of androgens point out that dihydrotestosterone stimulates cell proliferation and that other metabolites of testosterone probably influence secretory function in certain target cells.Although the influence of androgens on adult seminal vesicle epithelial cytology is well documented, little is known of the effect of androgen depletion and replacement on those cells in aging animals. The present study is concerned with the effect of castration and testosterone injection on the epithelium of the seminal vesicle of aging rats.

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