Analyzing the experiences of adolescent control rats: Effects of the absence of physical or social stimulation on anxiety-like behaviour are dependent on the test

2017 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata Joshi ◽  
Ronald A. Leslie ◽  
Tara S. Perrot
Keyword(s):  
Social Stimulation

scholarly journals Affect matters: Positive and negative social stimulation influences dogs’ behaviour in a subsequent situation involving an out-of-reach object

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 105242
Author(s):  
Ágoston Galambos ◽  
Anna Gergely ◽  
Alexandra Barbara Kovács ◽  
Orsolya Kiss ◽  
József Topál
Keyword(s):  
Social Stimulation

PSYCHOLOGIC EVALUATION OF THE CHILD WITH INTERSEX PROBLEMS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
John Money
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Sex Reassignment ◽  
Genital Morphology ◽  
Social Stimulation ◽  
Language Differentiation ◽  
Sex Assignment

Psychosexual differentiation is a function of age. Therefore, the weight to be given it in hermaphroditic sex-assignment decisions is also a function of age. Psychosexual differentiation roughly parallels language differentiation and both are dependent on social stimulation and experience. By kindergarten age the critical period has been passed and the psychosexual identity, though not fully mature, fixed. Psychosexual identity may contradict chromosomal, gonadal, or hormonal sex. It more generally agrees with the external genital morphology and the assigned sex. Rarely, psychosexual identity and assigned sex are discrepant, in which case a sex assignment is feasible in later childhood or adolescence. Otherwise, sex reassignment is for the most part contraindicated. It is not obligatory that assigned sex should agree with chromosomal or gonadal sex, but it should agree with external morphology, surgically corrected, and with hormonal sex correctly regulated at puberty.

scholarly journals Influence of daily social stimulation on behavioral and physiological outcomes in an animal model of PTSD

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam Seetharaman ◽  
Monika Fleshner ◽  
Collin R. Park ◽  
David M. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Social Stimulation ◽  
Physiological Outcomes

Notes on Satisfactions at a Street Dance

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-828
Author(s):  
M. W. Shelly ◽  
T. Z. Adelberg ◽  
P. H. Hexum
Keyword(s):  
Social Stimulation

Observations at a street dance indicated that individuals exposed to more social stimulation “moved around” the dance site less and that those who were most active when the band was playing talked the most during “band breaks.” Both results were interpreted as pointing toward the importance of stimulation in social and recreational situations.

scholarly journals Social stimulation and corticolimbic reactivity in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a preliminary study

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Gingnell ◽  
Victoria Ahlstedt ◽  
Elin Bannbers ◽  
Johan Wikström ◽  
Inger Sundström-Poromaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Social Stimulation ◽  
Preliminary Study

Social Control of Learned Avoidance and Some Evolutionary Implications

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
Alfred B. Shaklee
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Escape Conditioning ◽  
Test Situation ◽  
Social Stimulation ◽  
The Social

The effects of avoidance training and of social stimulation were studied in 42 rats assigned as littermates to one of 4 experimental groups or to a group of stimulus Ss. Avoidance-trained Ss received one brief escape conditioning experience in which reinforcement was initiated by Ss' exploratory behavior. Using time spent by Ss in different regions of the test chamber, it was possible to demonstrate effects of both factors, with a reduction of avoidance in the presence of a second animal. This phenomenon can be demonstrated in a test situation having common properties with natural environments. The social reduction of stress and of fear and avoidance which may accompany it is analyzed with respect to potential adaptive functions. It is proposed that this effect has been a major factor in the maintenance and further evolution of social cohesion in many species, including man.

Plasticity and Adult Neurogenesis in Amphibians and Reptiles: More Questions than Answers

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Schade Powers
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Enriched Environment ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Social Stimulation ◽  
Area Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spatial Area

Studies of the relationship between behavioral plasticity and new cells in the adult brain in amphibians and reptiles are sparse but demonstrate that environmental and hormonal variables do have an effect on the amount of cell proliferation and/or migration. The variables that are reviewed here are: enriched environment, social stimulation, spatial area use, season, photoperiod and temperature, and testosterone. Fewer data are available for amphibians than for reptiles, but for both groups many issues are still to be resolved. It is to be hoped that the questions raised here will generate more answers in future studies.

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