Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza root extract on brain acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities, their mRNA levels and memory evaluation in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Ozarowski ◽  
Przemyslaw L. Mikolajczak ◽  
Anna Piasecka ◽  
Radoslaw Kujawski ◽  
Joanna Bartkowiak-Wieczorek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

scholarly journals Chromosome Doubling-Enhanced Biomass and Dihydrotanshinone I Production in Salvia miltiorrhiza, A Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gamboa Chen ◽  
Kang-Lun Tsai ◽  
Hsiao-Hang Chung ◽  
Jen-Tsung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Efficient System

The root of Chinese sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) was regarded as top-grade Chinese medicine two thousand years ago, according to Shen Nong Materia Medica. The aim of this study is to develop an easy and reliable means for obtaining tetraploids (4x plants) via thidiazuron-induced direct organogenesis in the presence of colchicine. The resulting 4x plants showed significantly enhanced agronomic traits, including the size of stomata, leaflet, pollen, and seed as well as shoot length, root diameter, number of leaves, and fresh weight of plant. In addition, an obvious reduction of length to width ratio was found in the 4x plants, including stomata, leaflets, pollens, seeds, and roots. The 4x ploidy state of the plants was stable as was proved by evaluation of selection indicators as well as consistent ploidy level at 10th generation plantlets and also on 4x seedlings obtained via self-pollination. The major bioactive compounds, salvianolic acid B, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone I and cryptotanshinone, as well as total tanshinones were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The concentrations of dihydrotanshinone I and total tanshinones in the root extract of the 4x plants were significantly higher when compared with the 2x plants. This present study developed a simple and efficient system for inducing and subculture of tetrapolids which have stable ploidy level, enhanced growth characteristics as well as the content of dihydrotanshinone I in the root of S. miltiorrhiza.

Cytotoxicity of Salvia miltiorrhiza Against Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (04) ◽  
pp. 871-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Fen Wu ◽  
Stefan Bohnert ◽  
Eckhard Thines ◽  
Thomas Efferth
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) is a well-known Chinese herb that possesses numerous therapeutic activities, including anticancer effects. In this study, the cytotoxicity and the biological mechanisms of S. miltiorrhiza (SM) root extract on diverse resistant and sensitive cancer cell lines were investigated. CEM/ADR5000 cells were 1.68-fold resistant to CCRF-CEM cells, while HCT116 (p53[Formula: see text] and U87.MG[Formula: see text]EGFR cells were hypersensitive (collateral sensitive) compared to their parental cells. SM root extract stimulated ROS generation, cell cycle S phase arrest and apoptosis. The induction of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway was validated by increased cleavage of caspase 3, 7, 9 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). MAP kinases including JNK, ERK1/2 and p38 were obviously phosphorylated and nuclear P65 was downregulated upon SM treatment. Transcriptome-wide COMPARE analysis revealed that the expression of encoding genes with diverse functions were associated with the cellular response to cryptotanshinone, one of the main constituents of SM root extract. In conclusion, SM root extract exerted profound cytotoxicity towards various sensitive and resistant cancer cells and induced the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.

scholarly journals Ginger Extract Ameliorates Obesity and Inflammation via Regulating MicroRNA-21/132 Expression and AMPK Activation in White Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seunghae Kim ◽  
Mak-Soon Lee ◽  
Sunyoon Jung ◽  
Hye-Yeon Son ◽  
Seonyoung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ampk Activation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ginger Extract

Ginger is a plant whose rhizome is used as a spice or folk medicine. We aimed to investigate the effect of ginger root extract on obesity and inflammation in rats fed a high-fat diet. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed either a 45% high-fat diet (HF), HF + hot-water extract of ginger (WEG; 8 g/kg diet), or HF + high-hydrostatic pressure extract of ginger (HPG; 8 g/kg diet) for 10 weeks. The HPG group had lower body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) mass compared to the HF group. Serum and hepatic lipid levels of HPG group were lower, while fecal lipid excretion of the HPG group was higher than that of the HF group. In the WAT of the WEG and HPG groups, mRNA levels of adipogenic genes were lower than those of the HF group. Moreover, HPG group had lower mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines than did the HF group. MicroRNA (miR)-21 expression was down-regulated by both WEG and HPG. Additionally, miR-132 expression was down-regulated by HPG. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity of HPG group was greater than that of the HF group. HPG may have beneficial effects on obesity and inflammation, partially mediated by regulation of miR-21/132 expression and AMPK activation in WAT.

Bioactive norditerpenoids and neolignans from the roots of salvia miltiorrhiza

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (42) ◽  
pp. 10050-10057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Zhi Li ◽  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Xue Sun ◽  
Xiao-Li Qi ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Root Extract

Nine new norditerpenoids and neolignans were obtained from the root extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza with significantly bioactive diversity.

scholarly journals Enhanced Neurogenesis and Collaterogenesis by Sodium Danshensu Treatment After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Zachory Wei ◽  
Dongdong Chen ◽  
Li-Ping Liu ◽  
Xiaohuan Gu ◽  
Weiwei Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Collateral Arteries

Ischemic stroke remains a serious threat to human life. There are limited effective therapies for the treatment of stroke. We have previously demonstrated that angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the brain play an important role in functional recovery following ischemic stroke. Recent studies indicate that increased arteriogenesis and collateral circulation are determining factors for restoring reperfusion and outcomes of stroke patients. Danshensu, the Salvia miltiorrhiza root extract, is used in treatments of various human ischemic events in traditional Chinese medicine. Its therapeutic mechanism, however, is not well clarified. Due to its proposed effect on angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, we hypothesized that danshensu could benefit stroke recovery through stimulating neurogenesis and collaterogenesis in the post-ischemia brain. Focal ischemic stroke targeting the right sensorimotor cortex was induced in wild-type C57BL6 mice and transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) to label smooth muscle cells of brain arteries. Sodium danshensu (SDS, 700 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 10 min after stroke and once daily until animals were sacrificed. To label proliferating cells, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU; 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered, starting on day 3 after ischemia and continued once daily until sacrifice. At 14 days after stroke, SDS significantly increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the peri-infarct region. SDS-treated animals showed increased number of doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells. Greater numbers of proliferating endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were detected in SDS-treated mice 21 days after stroke in comparison with vehicle controls. The number of newly formed neurons labeled by NeuN and BrdU antibodies increased in SDS-treated mice 28 days after stroke. SDS significantly increased the newly formed arteries and the diameter of collateral arteries, leading to enhanced local cerebral blood flow recovery after stroke. These results suggest that systemic sodium danshensu treatment shows significant regenerative effects in the post-ischemic brain, which may benefit long-term functional recovery from ischemic stroke.

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