Pressing movements and perceived force and displacement are influenced by object stiffness

2016 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Endo
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Force

Presenting virtual stiffness by modulating the perceived force profile with suction pressure

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lope Ben Porquis ◽  
Daiki Maemori ◽  
Naohisa Nagaya ◽  
Masashi Konyo ◽  
Satoshi Tadokoro
Keyword(s):  
Suction Pressure ◽  
Force Profile ◽  
Perceived Force ◽  
Virtual Stiffness

scholarly journals Facebook Feeding Frenzy: Resistance-through-Distance and Resistance-through-Persistence in the Societied Network

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Message Boards ◽  
Privacy Settings ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
Perceived Force ◽  
Set Up ◽  
International Boundaries

This article presents a case study into the massive online demonstrations that occurred on Facebook (an online networking platform much like MySpace or Bebo) during Autumn/Winter of 2006 as a vibrant and contemporary example of resistance in action in the online domain. The demonstrations were carried out in response to the introduction of Facebook’s ‘News Feed’ and ‘Mini-Feed’ pages which greeted users upon signing in and presented a wealth of information about their friends and their online activities, seemingly without any form of privacy control. The pages even listed details of personal relationships and sexual orientations; both highly contentious issues. The response to this perceived intrusion on users’ privacy was staggering. Groups were set up overnight to pillory the Facebook News Feed, massive petitions that numbered hundreds of thousands were set up across international boundaries, online blogs and message boards became filled with incandescent comments.Eventually, Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook’s founder and himself a former Harvard student) was forced to issue a public apology and then amend the News Feed to allow users the opportunity to edit their privacy settings. No longer would such information be so publicly accessible. No longer would privacy be taken so lightly. The student body used the very means by which they were being surveilled (that is, the cyber-synoptic infrastructure of the Facebook network) to organize an internationally resistant movement to support their right to privacy. This confrontation provides an engrossing example of the World Wide Web being used as a powerful tool to mobilize many bodies against a perceived force of oppression and subjugation. This was a clear demonstration that the politics of surveillance (Haggerty 2006) and the politics of the self matter greatly in present climes; where issues of privacy and the sanctity of the virtual realm are never far from the headlines. As such, it provides an excellent empirical backdrop to a conceptual analysis of resistance-through-distance and resistance-through-persistence (Collinson 1994) in the virtual realm.

scholarly journals Force illusions and drifts observed during muscle vibration

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha Reschechtko ◽  
Cristian Cuadra ◽  
Mark L. Latash
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Force Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muscle Vibration ◽  
Finger Force ◽  
Force Perception ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Referent Coordinate ◽  
Perceived Force ◽  
Frame Set

We explored predictions of a scheme that views position and force perception as a result of measuring proprioceptive signals within a reference frame set by ongoing efferent process. In particular, this hypothesis predicts force illusions caused by muscle vibration and mediated via changes in both afferent and efferent components of kinesthesia. Healthy subjects performed accurate steady force production tasks by pressing with the four fingers of one hand (the task hand) on individual force sensors with and without visual feedback. At various times during the trials, subjects matched the perceived force using the other hand. High-frequency vibration was applied to one or both of the forearms (over the hand and finger extensors). Without visual feedback, subjects showed a drop in the task hand force, which was significantly smaller under the vibration of that forearm. Force production by the matching hand was consistently higher than that of the task hand. Vibrating one of the forearms affected the matching hand in a manner consistent with the perception of higher magnitude of force produced by the vibrated hand. The findings were consistent between the dominant and nondominant hands. The effects of vibration on both force drift and force mismatching suggest that vibration led to shifts in both signals from proprioceptors and the efferent component of perception, the referent coordinate and/or coactivation command. The observations fit the hypothesis on combined perception of kinematic-kinetic variables with little specificity of different groups of peripheral receptors that all contribute to perception of forces and coordinates. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that vibration of hand/finger extensors produces consistent errors in finger force perception. Without visual feedback, finger force drifted to lower values without a drift in the matching force produced by the other hand; hand extensor vibration led to smaller finger force drift. The findings fit the scheme with combined perception of kinematic-kinetic variables and suggest that vibration leads to consistent shifts of the referent coordinate and, possibly, of coactivation command to the effector.

scholarly journals Perceived force extrapolation affected by material, shape, and size of objects

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Robert Ennis ◽  
Katja Doerschner
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Force ◽  
Shape And Size

Medicalisation and the Treatment-Enhancement Distinction in the Ethical Debate on Gene Editing

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 101-101
Author(s):  
Tess Johnson ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Genetic Condition ◽  
Ethical Debate ◽  
Medical Benefits ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Perceived Force

"Since the advent of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, much bioethical effort has been devoted to prescribing the appropriate potential uses of gene editing in humans. Frequently in the literature, a normative distinction is drawn between “treatment” and “enhancement”. That is, gene editing may be morally acceptable or even morally required if used to cure a disease or genetic condition. For enhancement, however, it is morally unacceptable, having too weak a justification for the risks involved. In the context of this new technology, we all thus become vulnerable to a bias: medicalisation. There are clear non-medical benefits, as I show here, of using gene editing not for treatment, but for enhancement. Many individuals and governments will wish to pursue these benefits, but if we are ethically constrained by the current perceived force of the treatment-enhancement distinction, we may be prevented from legitimately doing so. We are faced with two options: firstly, to reject the distinction presented by many ethicists, and pursue gene editing for both treatment and enhancement purposes; secondly, to expand medical definitions and the scope of health care, to include the sort of benefits that we might wish were included under “treatment”. The first option, I argue, is to be preferred, but at least currently, faces much public resistance. Instead, we risk the second option becoming the norm, with the medicalisation of scores of non-medical characteristics drawing resources, causing anxiety, and burdening health care systems, because of stubborn adherence to an arbitrary distinction in the gene editing debate. "

scholarly journals A Model of Early Motivational States and Their Uses

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Hooshang Hemami
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Tactile Sensors ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Perception System ◽  
Tit For Tat ◽  
Force Recovery ◽  
Perceived Force ◽  
Human Finger

A model of early development of motivational states is proposed. The states are modeled in terms of modern concepts of state space and are physically realized by long-term-potentiation (LTP)-based neural circuits. The basic idea is to assume existence of libido and aggression instincts that would receive single sensory stimulus and induce capabilities for fight-or-flight, freeze or run, etc. The libido state may lead to happiness, contentment, or activities such as dance or play, imitation of observed behavior and action of others, and engagement in learning by trial and error.Enhancement of two motor skills are presented: responding more quickly in time and delivering a larger force of contact. This is a simple example of how the perception system, the motor system and the motivation system interact. A one-degree-of-freedom second-order mechanical system is modified by a first-order neural facilitator or compensator.The tit-for-tat phenomenon in force escalation is also modeled. The model includes tactile sensors for the measurement of a known force applied to a human finger, afferent transmission of the sensed force to the brain, storage of the perceived force, recovery of the stored force from memory, and efferent transmission of the force to the finger. The situation may change based on perception of more adversaries discouraging retaliation and encouraging resort to withdrawal and / or retreat.

Visually perceived force feedback in simulated robotic surgery

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. L. Cao ◽  
J. L. Webster ◽  
J. O. Perreault ◽  
S. Schwaitzberg ◽  
G. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Perceived Force

Perception and Reproduction of Force Direction in the Horizontal Plane

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 3040-3053 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Toffin ◽  
J. McIntyre ◽  
J. Droulez ◽  
A. Kemeny ◽  
A. Berthoz
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Force Vector ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Perception Task ◽  
Limb Stiffness ◽  
Force Direction ◽  
Perceived Force

In this study, we evaluated the capacity of human beings to perceive and reproduce forces applied to the hand. We tested for perceptive distortions and/or privileged directions in the performance of these two tasks. Subjects resisted a reference force applied by a joystick in a given direction, with instructions to keep the hand at a constant position. In a perception task, subjects subsequently resisted a second such force, the direction of which they could adjust with a potentiometer; the task was to reorient the second force to be in the same perceived direction as the reference. In a reproduction task, subjects were instructed to push against the now elastically constrained joystick with the same force that was required to resist the initially applied reference force. Twenty-four reference force directions in the horizontal plane were tested twice each. We observed systematic distortions in the reproduction of force direction that were not present in the perception task. We further observed that the distortions could be predicted by anisotropy of limb stiffness and could be affected by manipulating the mechanical impedance of the hand-joystick interaction. We conclude that human subjects specify and store forces to be applied by the hand not in terms of a perceived force vector, but rather in terms of the motor activity required to resist or produce the force—i.e., subjects possess a multi-dimensional “sense of effort.”

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