Effect of sucrose consumption on serum insulin, serum cortisol and insulin sensitivity in migraine: Evidence of sex differences

2015 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kokavec
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Sucrose Consumption

Effects of cortisol and progesterone on insulin binding and lipogenesis in adipocytes from normal and diabetic rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-M. Mendes ◽  
R. J. Madon ◽  
D. J. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Receptor Concentration

ABSTRACT Cortisol implants in normal and diabetic rats reduced body weight, adiposity, insulin receptor concentration and both basal and insulin-stimulated rates of lipogenesis in isolated adipocytes, whilst insulin sensitivity was unchanged. In normal but not diabetic rats these changes were accompanied by increased serum glucose and insulin concentrations. In contrast, progesterone implants in normal and diabetic rats increased body weight gain, adiposity, insulin receptor concentration and both basal and insulin-stimulated rates of lipogenesis in adipose tissue, again without affecting insulin sensitivity. Progesterone did not affect serum insulin concentrations in normal or diabetic rats but accelerated the decline in serum glucose concentrations which occurred during an overnight fast in diabetic rats. The results suggest that (1) cortisol inhibits lipogenesis in adipose tissue without affecting insulin sensitivity, (2) cortisol reduces insulin binding in adipose tissue without a requirement for hyperinsulinaemia, which might itself indirectly lead to down-regulation of the insulin receptor, and (3) in diabetic rats progesterone stimulates lipogenesis in adipose tissue without any increase in food intake or serum insulin concentrations suggesting that progesterone may have a direct anabolic role in adipose tissue. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 225–231

scholarly journals Sex-Related Differences in the Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bédard ◽  
Louise Corneau ◽  
Benoît Lamarche ◽  
Sylvie Dodin ◽  
Simone Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To document sex differences in the impact of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on glucose/insulin homeostasis and to verify whether these sex-related effects were associated with changes in nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA).Methods. All foods were provided to 38 men and 32 premenopausal women (24–53 y) during 4 weeks. Variables were measured during a 180 min OGTT before and after the MedDiet.Results. A sex-by-time interaction for plasma insulin iAUC was found (men: −17.8%,P=0.02; women: +9.4%,P=0.63;Pfor sex-by-time interaction = 0.005). A sex-by-time interaction was also observed for insulin sensitivity (Cederholm index,P=0.03), for which only men experienced improvements (men: +8.1%,P=0.047; women: −5.9%,P=0.94). No sex difference was observed for glucose and C-peptide responses. Trends toward a decrease in NEFA AUC (P=0.06) and an increase in NEFA suppression rate (P=0.06) were noted, with no sex difference. Changes in NEFA were not associated with change in insulin sensitivity.Conclusions. Results suggest that the more favorable changes in glucose/insulin homeostasis observed in men compared to women in response to the MedDiet are not explained by sex differences in NEFA response. This clinical trial is registered with clinicaltrials.govNCT01293344.

scholarly journals Serum Proinsulin in Bangladeshi Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
S Sultana ◽  
Z Zeba ◽  
A Hossain ◽  
A Khaleque ◽  
R Zinnat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Insulin Secretory Capacity ◽  
Proinsulin Level ◽  
Secretory Capacity

Hyperproinsulinemia is commonly present in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. The present study was undertaken to investigate the proinsulin level in Bangladeshi IGT subjects and to explore its association with insulin resistance. This observational study was conducted under a case-control design with IGT subjects (n=50) and controls (n=44). IGT was diagnosed following the WHO Study Group Criteria. Serum glucose was measured by glucose-oxidase method, serum lipid profile by enzymatic method and serum insulin and serum proinsulin were measured by ELISA method. Insulin secretory capacity (HOMA%B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) were calculated from fasting serum glucose and fasting serum insulin by homeostasis model assessment. The study subjects were age- and BMI- matched. Mean (±SD) age (yrs) of the control and IGT subjects were 40±6 and 40±5 respectively (p=0.853). Mean (±SD) BMI of the control and IGT subjects were 23±3 and 22±2 respectively (p=0.123). Fasting glucose was not significantly higher in IGT subjects, but serum glucose 2 hours after 75 gm glucose load was significantly higher in IGT subjects. Median (Range) value of fasting serum glucose (mmol/l) of control and IGT subjects were 5.3 (3.8-6) and 5.2 (4-12) respectively; (p=0.297). Median (Range) value of serum glucose (mmol/l) 2 hours after 75 gm glucose load of control and IGT subjects were 6.1 (3-7.8) and 7.9 (5- 21) respectively; (p=0.001). Fasting TG was significantly higher in IGT subjects and LDL-c was significantly lower in IGT subjects. Serum Total cholesterol and HDL-c were not significantly different between the IGT and control subjects. Median (Range) value of fasting serum TG (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 119 (51-474) and 178 (82-540) respectively; (p=0.001). Median (Range) value of fasting serum T chol (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 180 (65-272) and 186 (140-400) respectively; (p=0.191). Median (Range) value of fasting serum HDL-C (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 29 (19-45) and 31 (15-78) respectively; (p=0.914). Median (Range) value of fasting serum LDL-C (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 117(29-201) and 111(41- 320) respectively; (p=0.001). Fasting serum proinsulin was significantly higher in IGT subjects. Median (Range) value of fasting serum proinsulin (pmol/l) of control and IGT subjects were 9.2(1.8-156) and 17(3-51) respectively; (p=0.001). Insulin secretory capacity (HOMA%B) was higher but insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) was significantly lower in case of IGT subjects. Median (Range) value of HOMA%B of control and IGT subjects were 97(46-498) and 164(17-300) respectively; (p=0.001). Median (Range) value of HOMA%S of control and IGT subjects were 68(19-270) and 39(15-110) respectively (p=0.001). In multiple regression analysis a significant negative association was found between fasting proinsulin and insulin sensitivity (p=0.037). The data led to the following conclusions: a) Insulin resistance is the predominant defect in Bangladeshi IGT subjects. b) Basal proinsulin level is significantly increased in IGT subjects. c) Insulin resistance is negatively associated with serum proinsulin in IGT subjects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v7i2.22411 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2014; 7(2): 41-46

scholarly journals A Clinico-etiological Evaluation of Hirsutism Patients: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
pp. 384-389
Author(s):  
Sohan A. Patel ◽  
Jayant B. Dave ◽  
Timir Y Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Hair Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
Hormonal Evaluation ◽  
Serum Tsh

Background: Hirsutism is a condition of excess hair growth in females in male-like distribution. It is seen in almost 5-10% of women. Women having hirsutism have a negative impact on quality of life. Aim: All patients were subjected to ultrasound imaging (Sonography) and hormonal evaluation to establish possible causative factors. Methods: A prospective and retrospective study of hirsutism patients, who were evaluated at Samarpan medical research organization, Modasa, Gujarat from 2016 to 2019. Results: In this case series age and clinical presentation were studied in five female patients diagnosed with hirsutism. The patients age ranged from 16 to 22 years with a mean of 19.60 years. All these patients showed localized hair growth on the upper lip, chin, and cheek on the face. Ultrasound study revealed that one of the five patients had a right bulky ovary and four patients showed both ovaries with multiple follicles. In hormonal evaluation, in one of the three patients the LH: FSH ratio was found to be more than 3. Three out of the five patients showed elevated levels of 17-OHP and serum testosterone. Two out of the three patients showed an elevated level of serum insulin. The level of DHEAS, serum prolactin, serum cortisol, and serum TSH were found to be in a normal range. Conclusion: Ultrasonographic (USG) study revealed a positive correlation between PCOS and Hirsutism patients. Hirsutism patients were found to have higher levels of 17-OHP, serum testosterone, serum insulin, and a higher ratio of LH: FSH, one or more at a time suggesting a strong correlation between elevated levels of these hormones and hirsutism. The present study could not establish any meaningful correlation between the level of DHEAS, serum prolactin, serum cortisol, and serum TSH.

Strategic administration of an appeasing substance to improve performance and physiological responses of Bos indicus feedlot cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor G L Fonseca ◽  
Bruno I Cappellozza ◽  
Osvaldo A de Sousa ◽  
Manuella Sagawa ◽  
Bruna Rett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Treatment Administration ◽  
To Receive

Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the timing of administration of the bovine appeasing substance (BAS) on performance and physiological responses of Bos indicus feedlot cattle. Nellore bulls (n = 100) were ranked by initial body weight (BW; 341 ± 18.5 kg) and assigned to receive BAS (n = 50) or placebo (CON; n = 50) on d -2 of the experiment. Treatments (5 mL) were applied topically to the nuchal skin area of each bull. Bulls were loaded into commercial livestock trailers immediately after treatment administration, transported for 880 km, and unloaded on d -1 at a commercial feedyard. On d 0, bulls within each treatment were again assigned to receive, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, BAS or CON as previously described (25 bulls/treatment combination). Upon treatment administration on d 0, bulls were housed in 12 feedlot pens (3 pens/treatment) for a 108-d feeding period, which was divided into an adaptation (d 0 – 19), growing (d 20 – 60), and finishing (d 61 – 108) phases. Dry matter intake (DMI) was measured daily from d 0 to 108, whereas blood samples and hair from the tail switch were collected on d -2, 0, 19, 60, and 108. Administration of BAS prior to loading (d -2) improved ADG, FE, and DMI during adaptation and across the 108-d feeding period (P ≤ 0.08), resulting in greater (P = 0.03) hot carcass weight and dressing percentage upon slaughter on d 109. A treatment × day interaction was detected for serum glucose concentrations (P = 0.05), which was greater (P = 0.03) on d 60 of the feeding period in bulls receiving CON prior to loading. Administration of BAS at feedlot entry (d 0) improved DMI, ADG, and FE during adaptation (P ≤ 0.05), but it did not impact (P ≥ 0.18) performance and carcass traits during the 108-d feeding period. Bulls administered BAS prior to loading and at feedlot entry had less (P ≤ 0.05) mean serum cortisol concentrations across the 108-d feeding period (loading × feedlot entry interaction; P = 0.10), and greater (P ≤ 0.05) serum insulin concentration on d 60 (loading × feedlot entry × day interaction; P = 0.05). In summary, BAS administration prior to loading increased overall feedlot performance of Nellore bulls. These outcomes were noted in bulls that received or not a second BAS administration at feedlot entry, suggesting that the benefits of BAS are exploited when this substance is administered before transport to the feedlot.

Effects of breastfeeding on the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in preterm infants

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ikeda ◽  
H. Shoji ◽  
Y. Murano ◽  
M. Mori ◽  
N. Matsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Samples

Evidence suggests that breastfeeding during infancy lowers the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its attendant risk factors in adult life. To investigate the influence of feeding type on the risk factors of MS, we assessed insulin sensitivity and lipid and apolipoprotein metabolism in preterm infants. Blood samples were collected from preterm infants at the time of discharge. Infants were separated into two groups: a breast milk (BM) group receiving ⩾90% of their intake from BM, and a mixed-fed (MF) group receiving ⩾50% of their intake from formula. The following indices were then compared between the two groups. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were used to calculate the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). We also measured serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), apolipoprotein-A1 (apoA1) and apolipoprotein-B (apoB) levels, and the ratios of TC/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc and apoB/apoA1. The mean gestational age was 32.9 weeks at birth, and blood samples were collected at a mean corrected age of 37.4 weeks. There were 22 infants in the BM group and 19 in the MF group. QUICKI was significantly higher in the BM group. TC, HDLc and apoA1 were not significantly different between the groups, but LDLc and apoB levels were significantly higher in the BM group. The TC/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc and apoB/apoA1 ratios were significantly higher in the BM group. In preterm infants, the type of feeding exposure in the early postnatal period may influence glucose, lipid and apolipoprotein metabolism, and affect markers of MS.

scholarly journals Effect of weight reduction on insulin sensitivity, sex hormone-binding globulin, sex hormones and gonadotrophins in obese children

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
N H Birkebæk ◽  
A Lange ◽  
P Holland-Fischer ◽  
K Kristensen ◽  
S Rittig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After

ObjectiveObesity in men is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and hypoandrogenism, while obesity in women is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and hyperandrogenism. In children, the effect of obesity and weight reduction on the hypothalamo-pituitary–gonadal axis is rarely investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of weight reduction in obese Caucasian children on insulin sensitivity, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), DHEAS and the hypothalamo-pituitary–gonadal axis.MethodsOne hundred and sixteen (65 females) obese children with a median age of 12.3 (7–15) years were examined before and after a 10-week stay at a weight loss camp. Examination included anthropometry and fasting blood samples measuring plasma glucose, serum insulin, SHBG, DHEAS, testosterone, 17β-oestradiol, FSH and LH.ResultsBody mass index (BMI) decreased (P<0.01), insulin sensitivity and SHBG increased (P<0.01), independent of gender and puberty. The changes in insulin sensitivity and the changes in SHBG correlated significantly (P<0.01) independent of gender, puberty and the changes in BMI. Testosterone increased in boys (P<0.01) and tended to decrease in girls (P=0.05, in girls after menarche (P=0.03)). FSH increased in boys and girls. LH increased in boys and was unchanged in girls.ConclusionsDuring weight loss, insulin sensitivity and SHBG increased significantly in obese children, and the changes in insulin sensitivity and the changes in SHBG correlated significantly independent of gender, puberty and the changes in BMI. There was sexual dimorphism in the changes of testosterone, with the changes in boys towards increased virilisation and the changes in girls towards less virilisation.

scholarly journals Lemon Extract Reduces Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Expression and Activity and Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Lipolysis in Mouse Adipocytes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2348
Author(s):  
Shilpa Tejpal ◽  
Alan M. Wemyss ◽  
Claire C. Bastie ◽  
Judith Klein-Seetharaman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ace Gene

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications. In this paper, we examine the possible beneficial role of lemon juice in dieting. Lemon extract (LE) has been proposed to improve serum insulin levels and decrease angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in mouse models. ACE is also a biomarker for sustained weight loss and ACE inhibitors improve insulin sensitivity in humans. Here, we show that LE impacts adipose tissue metabolism directly. In 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocyte cells, LE improved insulin sensitivity as evidenced by a 3.74 ± 0.54-fold increase in both pAKT and GLUT4 levels. LE also induced lipolysis as demonstrated by a 16.6 ± 1.2 fold-change in pHSL protein expression levels. ACE gene expression increased 12.0 ± 0.1 fold during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells in the absence of LE, and treatment with LE decreased ACE gene expression by 80.1 ± 0.5% and protein expression by 55 ± 0.37%. We conclude that LE’s reduction of ACE expression causes increased insulin sensitivity and breakdown of lipids in adipocytes.

Influence of assay-dependent variability of serum insulin levels on insulin sensitivity indices

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Borza ◽  
Rafik Karmali ◽  
Stéphanie André ◽  
Joseph Valsamis ◽  
Ephraim Cytryn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Sensitivity Indices

scholarly journals Associations of Size at Birth and Postnatal Catch-up Growth Status With Clinical and Biomedical Characteristics in Prepubertal Girls With Precocious Adrenarche: Preliminary Results

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 2878-2886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Uçar ◽  
Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan ◽  
Oğuz Bülent Erol ◽  
Ensar Yekeler ◽  
Nurçin Saka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Precocious Adrenarche ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Prepubertal Girls ◽  
Size At Birth

Context: The causes of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in girls with precocious adrenarche (PA) remain unclear. Objective: Our goal was to compare the clinical, biochemical, and ultrasound characteristics of girls with PA whose size at birth was appropriate for gestational age (AGA) vs those born small for gestational age (SGA). PCOS-associated metabolic and morphological correlates were examined. Design: Glucose tolerance, ACTH stimulation, and transabdominal ultrasounds were examined in 56 AGA and 31 SGA girls with PA. Bone age and hormonal profiles were determined. SGA girls were divided into 2 groups by catch-up growth (CUG) status. Subgroups were compared. Results: Chronological age, Tanner stage for pubarche, ovarian volume, and uterine volume were similar between the groups. SGA girls had lower body mass index and higher bone age-adjusted post-corticotropin cortisol. We found increased body mass index-adjusted mean serum insulin, reduced insulin sensitivity, and reduced IGF-binding protein-1 in SGA girls. Multicystic ovaries were more common in SGA girls (odds ratio [OR] = 9.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.34–28.15; P &lt; .001). SGA girls without CUG had a higher incidence of multicystic ovaries than CUG counterparts (OR = 8.4, 95% CI = 1.4–19.3; P = .027). Being born SGA (OR = 43.4, 95% CI = 6.9–84.7; P = .001] and exaggerated 17-hydroxyprogesterone response (OR = 15.8, 95% CI = 1.7–49.8; P = .015) were associated with multicystic ovaries. Conclusions: Significant differences in hormone levels, insulin sensitivity, and ovarian maturity were found in prepubertal girls with PA who were SGA. Longitudinal follow-up will help determine whether these factors contribute to a specific PCOS phenotype in SGA girls with PA.

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