Investigating the long-term effect of subchronic phencyclidine-treatment on novel object recognition and the association between the gut microbiota and behavior in the animal model of schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pyndt Jørgensen ◽  
L. Krych ◽  
T.B. Pedersen ◽  
N. Plath ◽  
J.P. Redrobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats Impairs Cognition, Enhances Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Activity, and Reduces Pre-synaptic Mitochondrial Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Feng ◽  
Keguo Li ◽  
Elizabeth Roth ◽  
Dongman Chao ◽  
Christina M. Mecca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Closed Head

A major hurdle preventing effective interventions for patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the lack of known mechanisms for the long-term cognitive impairment that follows mTBI. The closed head impact model of repeated engineered rotational acceleration (rCHIMERA), a non-surgical animal model of repeated mTBI (rmTBI), mimics key features of rmTBI in humans. Using the rCHIMERA in rats, this study was designed to characterize rmTBI-induced behavioral disruption, underlying electrophysiological changes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and associated mitochondrial dysfunction. Rats received 6 closed-head impacts over 2 days at 2 Joules of energy. Behavioral testing included automated analysis of behavior in open field and home-cage environments, rotarod test for motor skills, novel object recognition, and fear conditioning. Following rmTBI, rats spent less time grooming and less time in the center of the open field arena. Rats in their home cage had reduced inactivity time 1 week after mTBI and increased exploration time 1 month after injury. Impaired associative fear learning and memory in fear conditioning test, and reduced short-term memory in novel object recognition test were found 4 weeks after rmTBI. Single-unit in vivo recordings showed increased neuronal activity in the mPFC after rmTBI, partially attributable to neuronal disinhibition from reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission, possibly secondary to impaired mitochondrial function. These findings help validate this rat rmTBI model as replicating clinical features, and point to impaired mitochondrial functions after injury as causing imbalanced synaptic transmission and consequent impaired long-term cognitive dysfunction.

scholarly journals Conversion of short-term to long-term memory in the novel object recognition paradigm

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 174-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon J. Moore ◽  
Kaivalya Deshpande ◽  
Gwen S. Stinnett ◽  
Audrey F. Seasholtz ◽  
Geoffrey G. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Novel Object

scholarly journals The Role of Gut Microbiota in Chronic Itch-Evoked Novel Object Recognition-Related Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujuan Li ◽  
Wencui Zhang ◽  
Tainning Sun ◽  
Baowen Liu ◽  
Anne Manyande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Chronic Itch

The high incidence of patients with chronic itch highlights the importance of fundamental research. Recent advances in the interface of gut microbiota have shed new light into exploring this phenomenon. However, it is unknown whether gut microbiota plays a role in chronic itch in rodents with or without cognitive dysfunction. In this study, the role of gut microbiota in diphenylcyclopropenone (DCP)-evoked chronic itch was investigated in mice and hierarchical cluster analysis of novel object recognition test (ORT) results were used to classify DCP-evoked itch model in mice with or without cognitive dysfunction (CD)-like phenotype and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was used to compare gut bacterial composition between CD (Susceptible) and Non-CD phenotypes (Unsusceptible) in chronic itch mice. Results showed that the microbiota composition was significantly altered by DCP-evoked chronic itch and chronic itch induced novel object recognition-related CD. However, abnormal gut microbiota composition induced by chronic itch may not be correlated with novel object recognition-related CD.

scholarly journals Endogenous Estrogen Influences Predator Odor-Induced Impairment of Cognitive and Social Behaviors in Aromatase Gene Deficiency Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yaner Gao ◽  
Lei Ma ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Zuoli Sun ◽  
Zhengrong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Estrogen Deficiency ◽  
Predator Odor ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Aromatase Gene ◽  
Endogenous Estrogen

Epidemiological studies have suggested that traumatic stress increases vulnerability to various mental disorders, such as dementia and psychiatric disorders. While women are more vulnerable than men to depression and anxiety, it is unclear whether endogenous estrogens are responsible for the underlying sex-specific mechanisms. In this study, the aromatase gene heterozygous (Ar+/-) mice were used as an endogenous estrogen deficiency model and age- and sex-matched wild type mice (WT) as controls to study the predator odor 2,3,5-trimethyl-3-thiazoline- (TMT-) induced short- and long-term cognitive and social behavior impairments. In addition, the changes in brain regional neurotransmitters and their associations with TMT-induced changes in behaviors were further investigated in these animals. Our results showed TMT induced immediate fear response in both Ar+/- and WT mice regardless of sexes. TMT induced an acute impairment of novel object recognition memory and long-term social behavior impairment in WT mice, particularly in females, while Ar+/- mice showed impaired novel object recognition in both sexes and TMT-elevated social behaviors, particularly in males. TMT failed to induce changes in the prepulse inhibition (PPI) test in both groups. TMT resulted in a slight increase of DOPAC/DA ratio in the cortex and a significant elevation of this ratio in the striatum of WT mice. In addition, the ratio of HIAA/5-HT was significantly elevated in the cortex of TMT-treated WT mice, which was not found in TMT-treated Ar+/- mice. Taken together, our results indicate that TMT exposure can cause cognitive and social behavior impairments as well as change catecholamine metabolism in WT mice, and endogenous estrogen deficiency might desensitize the behavioral and neurochemical responses to TMT in Ar+/- mice.

Long-Term Effect of Rifaximin with and without Lactulose on the Active Bacterial Assemblages in the Proximal Small Bowel and Faeces in Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schulz ◽  
Kerstin Schütte ◽  
Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas ◽  
Riccardo Vasapolli ◽  
Peter Malfertheiner
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Assemblages

Background: Gut microbiota play an essential role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Treatment strategies are directed to modulate intestinal microbiota profiles and their function by the administration of the non-absorbable disaccharide lactulose and the non-absorbable antibiotic rifaximin, which are required for long terms, but little is known on their long-term effect on gut microbiota composition and function. Aim: To characterize the active bacterial assemblages in duodenum and faeces in patients with minimal HE (MHE) before, during and after long-term therapy with rifaximin. Methods: We analysed the microbiota composition in 5 patients with liver cirrhosis and MHE treated either with rifaximin 550 mg bid alone continuously for a period of 3 months or combined with lactulose 30–60 mL daily for 3 months. In addition to clinical assessments of HE, biopsies from duodenum and stool samples were analysed for their specific bacterial community applying NGS after RNA isolation before treatment, after 3 months of treatment and 3 months after the end of treatment. Results: All 5 patients had a significant improvement of their MHE. Bacterial communities were different and distinct in duodenal samples and faeces. No statistically significant changes were found in the bacterial community profile at the different time points. Conclusion: Rifaximin therapy with and without lactulose over a period of 3 months does not affect the bacterial community composition. The improvement of HE with rifaximin is lasting also after the end of treatment and therefore a prolonged effect on microbiota metabolic function is suggested.

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