Effects of a breakfast spread out over time on the food intake at lunch and the hormonal responses in obese men

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Allirot ◽  
Kevin Seyssel ◽  
Laure Saulais ◽  
Hubert Roth ◽  
Anne Charrié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Over Time

Plasma hormonal responses at graded hypohydration levels during exercise-heat stress

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1855-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Francesconi ◽  
M. N. Sawka ◽  
K. B. Pandolf ◽  
R. W. Hubbard ◽  
A. J. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Humidity Environment ◽  
Over Time

The effects of graded levels of hypohydration (3, 5, and 7% of body weight) on hormonal responses to exercise in the heat were examined in six heat-acclimated male volunteers. On the day following dehydration, subjects performed light (approximately 25% maximal O2 consumption, 1.03 1 X min-1) exercise in a hot (49 degrees C, 20% relative humidity) environment for four consecutive 25-min intervals interspaced by 10-min rests; blood was obtained before exercise and at approximately 10 min before completion of each exercise period. During euhydration, plasma cortisol (PC) levels manifested significant decrements over time (e.g., time 0, 14.2 micrograms X 100 ml-1 vs. time 2, 8.9 micrograms X 100 ml-1), probably related to its diurnal periodicity. However, during hypohydration, levels of PC were increased and correlated with hypohydration intensity (e.g., time 0, 0, 3, 5, and 7% hypohydration, 14.2, 16.5, 19.8, and 36.2 micrograms X 100 ml-1, respectively). Plasma renin activity (PRA) was increased significantly by hypohydration (e.g., time 0, euhydrated vs. 3%, 3.7 vs. 6.2 units) but was unaffected by exercise in the heat. Plasma aldosterone (ALD) levels were generally increased by exercise in the heat (e.g., time 0 vs. time 4, 3% hypohydration, 12.1 vs. 18.7 ng X 100 ml-1). Regression analysis illustrated that graded intensities of hypohydration were correlated with incremented PRA and ALD through 5% hypohydration. Conversely, PC was incrementally elevated through 7% hypohydration.

scholarly journals Dairy Food Intake Is Not Associated With Frailty or Frailty Progression Over Time in Adults: Framingham Offspring Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 48-48
Author(s):  
Shivani Sahni ◽  
Alyssa Dufour ◽  
Courtney Millar ◽  
Douglas Kiel ◽  
Paul Jacques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Dairy Food ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Self Reported Health Status ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objectives High-fat dairy foods are calorically dense, which may prevent anorexia and malnutrition that are often seen in frail persons. We determined the association of dairy food intake [milk, yogurt, cheese, total dairy (milk + yogurt + cheese), low-fat, and high-fat dairy, serv/wk] with frailty and frailty progression in older adults from the Framingham Offspring study. Methods This prospective cohort study included non-frail participants at index exam (1998–01) with food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and ≤2 follow-up frailty assessments (2005–08, 2011–14). Average dairy food intakes were calculated from index and prior FFQs (1998–01 and 1995–98). Fried's frailty phenotype was used: presence of ≥3 criteria of unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, slow gait speed, low physical activity, and low grip strength. Frailty progression was defined as an increased number of frailty criteria over follow-up. Repeated measures logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for frailty and frailty progression (separate models) adjusting for age, sex, energy intake (residual analysis), current smoking, multivitamin use, and self-reported health status. Results Mean baseline age was 60y ± 9 (range 33–86 y) and 45% were female. Mean dairy food intakes [serv/wk] were: 5.7 ± 5 (milk), 1.1 ± 1.9 (yogurt), 2.8 ± 3.0 (cheese), 9.6 ± 6.9 (total dairy), 6.2 ± 6.0 (low-fat dairy), and 4.5 ± 4.3 (high-fat dairy). Of the 2550 non-frail individuals at baseline, 8.8% (2005–08) and 13.5% (2011–14) became frail over time. Frailty progression was seen in 34% (2005–08) and 40% (2011–14) of the participants. In age and sex adjusted models, high-fat dairy foods were associated with 2% increased odds of frailty (95%CI: 1.00–1.04, P = 0.01). This association did not change after further adjustment (OR: 1.02, 95%CI: 0.99–1.05, P = 0.07). Other dairy foods were not associated with frailty (P range: 0.23–0.78) or with frailty progression (P range: 0.32–0.86). Conclusions In this study of healthy older adults, most dairy food intake was not associated with frailty or frailty progression after considering important covariables. The observed trend for slightly increased odds of frailty with high-fat dairy intake should be re-examined in other studies with frailty assessed over time. Funding Sources Boston Pepper Center OAIC, NHLBI & Dairy Management Inc.

scholarly journals Embedded design consideration for the implementation of food intake monitoring system:validated using LabVIEW software

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.8) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
C Mahesh ◽  
P Kingston Stanley ◽  
P Vijaydaniel ◽  
A Saneevi Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Design Consideration ◽  
Food Ingestion ◽  
Old People ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Labview Software ◽  
Embedded Design ◽  
Over Time

Memory loss is a common problem found among old people, the person may forget mealtime altogether due to memory loss. This paper proposes an idea for a monitoring system which will monitor the old people food intake from a remote place and generate an alarm locally. A wearable system is designed usingpiezoelectric sensor that will sense the trachea movement during food ingestion and produces an output signal with variations in the frequencies over time. Based on the detected frequency, food type is classified. Food classification algorithm is depends on Time-Frequency analysis of the piezoelectric output and the wearable design transmits the signals to PC via Bluetooth module. The received signal is processed by LabVIEW and accuracy is tested.

scholarly journals The problem of predicting food intake during the period of adaptation to a new food: a model

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma C. Whittemore ◽  
Gerry C. Emmans ◽  
Ilias Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
Over Time

A model is described which aims to predict intake immediately following a change from one food to another that is higher in bulk content; it deals with the transition from one ‘equilibrium’ intake to another. The system considered is an immature pig fedad libitumon a single homogeneous food, which is balanced for nutrients and contains no toxins so that the first limiting resource is always energy. It is assumed that an animal has a desired rate of food intake (DFI) which is that needed to meet the energy requirements for protein and lipid deposition and for maintenance. DFI may not be achieved if a bulk constraint to intake exists. Where a bulk constraint operates intake is calculated as constrained food intake (CFI) where CFI=Cwhc/WHC k/ (where WHC is the water-holding capacity of the food (kg wate/g dry food) and Cwhcis the animal's capacity for WHC (unit/g live weight per d)). Where intake is not constrained it is assumed that genetic potential will be achieved. Potential growth rate is described by the Gompertz growth function. Where intake is constrained, growth will be less than the potential. Constrained growth rate is predicted as (d/t)con=(EI−Em)/egk/ where W is pig weight (kg), EI is energy intake (M/), Emis the energy required for maintenance (M/) and egis the energy required for unit gain (M/g). The value of egdepends on weight and the fattening characteristics of the pig. Actual growth is predicted to be the lesser of potential and constrained growth. To deal with adaptation it is assumed that the time taken to reach equilibrium depends on the difference in WHC values between the previous and current food and that the capacity to consume food bulk is related to the WHC of the current food. It is proposed that the capacity for WHC on the first day on a new food will be equal to the current capacity for WHC on the last day of the previous food. Thus Cwhc=(FI×WHC)/W /g, where FI is food intake (k/). Thereafter Cwhcwill gradually increase over time to a maximum of 0·27 /g. The rate of change in Cwhcis made to be the same for all pigs and all foods. The increase in capacity over time is assumed to be linear at the rate of 0·01 unit/. The model was tested using published data. Qualitatively the predictions of the model were in close agreement with the relevant observed data in at least some cases. It is concluded that the underlying theoretical assumptions of the model are reasonable. However, the model fails to predict initial intake when changed to foods high in wheat-bran content and fails to predict the intake of a non-limiting food where compensatory increases in intake and gain occur. The model could be adapted to overcome the first failure by taking into account the time course of digestive efficiency following a change in food. To deal with the second would require a sufficient understanding of the time course of compensatory growth.

scholarly journals Temperament-based treatment for young adults with eating disorders: acceptability and initial efficacy of an intensive, multi-family, parent-involved treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Knatz Peck ◽  
Terra Towne ◽  
Christina E. Wierenga ◽  
Laura Hill ◽  
Ivan Eisler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Adult eating disorder treatments are hampered by lack of access and limited efficacy. This open-trial study evaluated the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a novel intervention for adults with eating disorders delivered to young adults and parent-supports in an intensive, multi-family format (Young Adult Temperament-Based Treatment with Supports; YA-TBT-S). Methods 38 YA-TBT-S participants (m age = 19.58; SD 2.13) with anorexia nervosa (AN)-spectrum disorders, bulimia nervosa (BN)-spectrum disorders, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) completed self-report assessments at admission, discharge, and 12-month follow-up. Assessments measured program satisfaction, eating disorder psychopathology and impairment, body mass index (BMI), and trait anxiety. Outcomes were analyzed using linear mixed effects models to examine changes in outcome variables over time. Results Treatment was rated as highly satisfactory. 53.33% were in partial or full remission at 12-month follow-up. 56% of participants received other treatment within the 12-month follow-up period, suggesting that YA-TBT-S may be an adjunctive treatment. Participants reported reductions in ED symptomatology (AN and BN), increases in BMI (AN and ARFID), and reductions in clinical impairment (AN and ARFID) at 12-month follow-up. Conclusions YA-TBT-S is a feasible and acceptable adjunctive treatment for young adults with a broad range of ED diagnoses and may be a method for involving parents in ED treatment in ways that are acceptable to both parents and YA. Further evaluation of efficacy is needed in larger samples, and to compare YA-TBT-S to other ED treatment approaches. Plain English summary Eating disorders are costly and dangerous psychiatric disorders that affect millions of individuals each year. Despite their risks and societal costs, currently available treatments are limited. This study examined the acceptability and efficacy of Young Adult, Temperament-Based Treatment with Supports (YA-TBT-S), a new treatment program for adults with eating disorders. YA-TBT-S was rated highly, and a significant portion of participants improved based on ratings collected 12 months after program participation. Those with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) showed significant reductions in eating disorder pathology, and those with AN and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) showed increases in BMI over time.

Regulation of food intake in the goldfish

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (5) ◽  
pp. 968-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rozin ◽  
Jean Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Continuous Access ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Over Time

Goldfish were trained to press a lever. This response was followed by the delivery of a pellet of food. The fish were then allowed continuous access to the lever under controlled conditions, and their food intake was measured. Goldfish distribute their feeding responses fairly evenly over time, within the limits of the lighting cycle. Some fish eat mainly at night, some during the day, and others seem to be indifferent to the lighting cycle. Goldfish decrease their food intake by one-half to one-third in response to a drop in ambient temperature from 25 to 15 C, and show a corresponding increase in food intake when the temperature returns to 25 C. Goldfish increase their food intake significantly in response to dilution of their normal diet with kaolin, and thus seem to eat for calories or nutrient value.

scholarly journals Effects of a non-eating confederate on food intake do not persist for everyone over time when people are left alone: An exploratory study

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Marloes A.A. Polman ◽  
Junilla K. Larsen ◽  
Gerine M.A. Lodder ◽  
Elizabeth Hirata ◽  
Sophie IJsseldijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Consequences of genetic change in farm animals on food intake and feeding behaviour

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry Emmans ◽  
Ilias Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Genetic Change ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Decisions ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

Selection in commercial populations on aspects of output, such as for growth rate in poultry, against fatness and for growth rate in pigs, and for milk yield in cows, has had very large effects on such outputs over the past 50 years. Partly because of the cost of recording intake, there has been little or no selection for food intake or feeding behaviour. In order to predict the effects of such past, and future, selection on intake it is necessary to have some suitable theoretical framework. Intake needs to be predicted in order to make rational feeding and environmental decisions. The idea that an animal will eat ‘to meet its requirements’ has proved useful and continues to be fruitful. An important part of the idea is that the animal (genotype) can be described in a way that is sufficient for the accurate prediction of its outputs over time. Such descriptions can be combined with a set of nutritional constants to calculate requirements. There appears to have been no change in the nutritional constants under selection for output. Under such selection it is simplest to assume that changes in intake follow from the changes in output rates, so that intake changes become entirely predictable. It is suggested that other ways that have been proposed for predicting intake cannot be successful in predicting the effects of selection. Feeding behaviour is seen as being the means that the animal uses to attain its intake rather than being the means by which that intake can be predicted. Thus, the organisation of feeding behaviour can be used to predict neither intake nor the effects of selection on it.

scholarly journals Species-specific strategies increase unpredictability of escape flight in eared moths

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Hügel ◽  
Holger R. Goerlitz
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Predator Detection ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Mixed Species Groups ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTMany prey animals form mixed-species groups. Mixed-species groups provide various benefits ranging increased food intake to increased chance of predator detection. The escape-tactic diversity hypothesis predicts another benefit. It postulates that the overall unpredictability of evasive movement is increased if multiple species with different evasive tactics mix, resulting in enhanced predator protection for the whole group. Echolocating bats and eared moths are a textbook example of predator-prey interactions. Moths exhibit evasive flight with diverse tactics; however, the variability of their evasive flight within and between species has never been systematically quantified. We therefore recorded flight strength of eight moth species in response to the same level of simulated bat predation. We show species-specific and size-independent differences in both overall flight strength and in change of flight strength over time, confirming the escape-tactic diversity hypothesis for eared moths. Additionally, we show strong inter-individual differences in evasive flight within some species. This diversity in escape tactic between eared moths increases the overall unpredictability of their evasive flight in mixed-species groups, likely providing better protection against predatory bats for the single individual.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document