scholarly journals Pelage insulation, litter size, and ambient temperature impact maternal energy intake and offspring development during lactation

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Paul ◽  
Christiana Tuthill ◽  
Alexander S. Kauffman ◽  
Irving Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Offspring Development ◽  
Temperature Impact

Ambient Temperature and Rainfall: An Effect on Sex Ratio and Litter Size in Deer Mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Myers ◽  
L. L. Master ◽  
R. A. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Deer Mice

Limits to sustained energy intake

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Johnson ◽  
S. C. Thomson ◽  
J. R. Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

SUMMARYTo determine whether mice were limited in their capacity to absorb energy during late lactation, we attempted to increase the energy burden experienced by a group of female mice during late lactation by mating them at the postpartum oestrus, hence combining the energy demands of pregnancy and lactation. These experimental mice were therefore concurrently pregnant and lactating in their first lactation, and were followed through a normal second lactation. In a control group, females also underwent two lactations but sequentially, with the second mating after the first litter had been weaned. Maternal mass and food intake were measured throughout the first lactation, second pregnancy and second lactation. Maternal resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured prior to the first mating and then at the peak of both the first and second lactations. Litter size and litter mass were also measured throughout both lactations. In the first lactation, experimental mice had a lower mass-independent RMR (F1,88=5.15, P=0.026) and raised significantly heavier pups (t=2.77, d.f.=32, P=0.0093) than the control mice. Experimental mice delayed implantation at the start of the second pregnancy. The extent of the delay was positively related to litter size during the first lactation (F1,19=4.58, P=0.046) and negatively related to mean pup mass (F1,19=5.78, P=0.027) in the first lactation. In the second lactation, the experimental mice gave birth to more (t=2.75, d.f.=38, P=0.0092) and lighter (t=−5.01, d.f.=38, P<0.0001) pups than did the controls in their second lactation. Maternal asymptotic daily food intake of control mice in the second lactation was significantly higher (t=−4.39, d.f.=37, P=0.0001) than that of the experimental mice and higher than that of controls during their first lactation. Despite the added burden on the experimental females during their first lactation, there was no increase in their food intake, which suggested that they might be limited by their capacity to absorb energy. However, control females appeared to be capable of increasing their asymptotic food intake beyond the supposed limits estimated previously, suggesting that the previously established limit was not a fixed central limitation on food intake. As RMR increased in parallel with the increase in food intake during the second lactation of control mice, the sustained energy intake remained at around 7.0×RMR.

Estimation of ambient temperature impact on vertical dynamic behaviour of passenger rail vehicle with damaged wheels

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 5179-5188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stasys Steišūnas ◽  
Gintautas Bureika ◽  
Gediminas Vaičiūnas ◽  
Marijonas Bogdevičius ◽  
Olegas Lunys
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Rail Vehicle ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Temperature Impact

scholarly journals An empirical correlation of ambient temperature impact on PV module considering natural convection

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Kamil Jadu Ali ◽  
Ahmed Hasan Mohammad ◽  
Ghanim Thiab Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Temperature Impact

<p><span>In this paper, the effect of the ambient temperature on the PV modules for different angles of inclinations and different intensities of the solar radiation on the surface of the PV module is considered by using empirical correlations for natural convection. An analytical model based on the energy balance equilibrium between the PV module and the environment conditions has been used. Also an expression for calculating the electric power of silicon PV modules in a function of the ambient temperature, the intensity of the solar radiation, the incident angle of the solar radiation to the surface of the PV module and the efficiency of the PV modules at STC conditions have been used. By comparing the obtained both results, it can be seen that the largest deviation between the power values obtained by the analytical model and expression is about (5 %). The results obtained indicates that in the case of a small number of PV modules corresponding to the required number for an average household, it is more economical to invest additional resources in increasing the PV module's surface area than in case of the PV module with sun tracking system. </span></p>

Effect of remating interval and diet on the performance of female rabbits and their litters

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cervera ◽  
J. Fernandez-Carmona ◽  
P. Viudes ◽  
E. Blas
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Intensive Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Size At Birth

AbstractIn an experiment of factorial design, female rabbits were given four diets, containing 13·0, 11·4, 10·4 and 9·7 kJ digestible energy (DE) per g and subjected to two remating intervals (R) of 1 to 2 days (intensive) or 9 days (semi-intensive) from parturition. The experiment lasted for 2 years during which 352 does produced a total of 1254 litters. The only major differences due to diet were that the diet with the highest energy concentration, and which contained 35 g/kg added fat, promoted a significantly higher energy intake in lactation (111 v. an average of 94 MJ DE) than the other diets, and thereby increased litter weight at weaning at 28 days (3·48 v. 2·99 kg). Diet and R showed no major interactive effects. The intensive treatment significantly reduced parturition interval (46 v. 52 days) and increased the output of weaned rabbits per doe per year (35 v. 29). As actual R was more variable than the theoretical R imposed by the treatments, further analyses were made by dividing the does into four groups according to the actual R. In these analyses, the effects of R on current and subsequent lactation performance were assessed separately. The main difference between the groups was that litter size increased significantly with R (e.g. litter size at birth in subsequent parities was 8·0, 9·2, 9·7 and 9·0 for mean intervals of 2, 10, 16 and 37 days). However, the same pattern of differences occurred in the current parity, indicating that it was litter size that affected R, rather than the reverse (i.e. does with small litters conceived earlier than those with larger litters).

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Testing of Ambient Temperature Impact on Lifespans of Cuffs of Vehicles’ Steering Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4371
Author(s):  
Radoje Vujadinović ◽  
Vladimir Pajković ◽  
Sreten Simović ◽  
Milanko Damjanović ◽  
Petar Nikčević
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Numerical Testing ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Protective Element ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
The Impact

The steering system represents one of the most important systems of active safety in vehicles. The process of a steering system failure usually starts with the failure of its protective element (cuff). Numerous factors influence a cuff’s lifespan, but the research subject of this paper is the impact of ambient temperature. The goal of this research is the experimental verification of the finding that vehicles used in northern areas require more frequent interventions in their steering systems than vehicles used in the south. A simulator performing a motion similar to the work of a cuff during a vehicle’s motion was made for the purpose of the research. A refrigerating chamber where cuffs were tested at temperatures from −4 °C to −20 °C was also made. A numerical analysis, with the ANSYS software environment, was also carried out. The numerical analysis shows that the failure of a cuff could be expected at almost the same point at which it was experimentally proven. Therefore, the failure, namely the breaking of a cuff, is not only a consequence of the material’s fatigue due to a big number of oscillations, but it also depends upon the impact of ambient temperature where the vehicle is used.

Energy utilization in the laying hen in relation to ambient temperature

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Davis ◽  
O. E. M. Hassan ◽  
A. H. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Energy Balances

SummaryEnergy balances have been determined, using the comparative slaughter procedure, over 3-week periods on groups of laying hens kept at ambient temperatures of 7·2, 15·6, 23·9, 29·4 and 35 °C.Energy intake declined as the environment became warmer (kcal ME/kg¾/day = 203· 1·13°C); heat production, as measured by the difference between energy intake and energy retention, also declined with increasing ambient temperature (kcal/kg¾/day = 151 – 1·11°C). There was a linear relationship between heat production and ambient temperature with no thermoneutral zone or critical temperature.The energy available for egg production remained almost constant at 50 kcal/kg¾/day equivalent to a rate of egg production of 82% at each ambient temperature.

scholarly journals Does local ambient temperature impact children’s blood pressure? A Chinese National Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Li ◽  
Yuming Guo ◽  
Dong-Mei Wei ◽  
Yi Song ◽  
Jie-Yun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Temperature Impact

scholarly journals Effect of ambient temperature during acute aerobic exercise on short-term appetite, energy intake, and plasma acylated ghrelin in recreationally active males

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy K. Wasse ◽  
James A. King ◽  
David J. Stensel ◽  
Caroline Sunderland
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Increase Energy Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Intake Regulation

Ambient temperature during exercise may affect energy intake regulation. Compared with a temperate (20 °C) environment, 1 h of running followed by 6 h of rest tended to decrease energy intake from 2 ad libitum meals in a hot (30 °C) environment but increase energy intake in a cool (10 °C) environment (p = 0.08). Core temperature changes did not appear to mediate this trend; whether acylated ghrelin is involved is unclear. Further research is warranted to clarify these findings.

Adaptive characters of energy metabolism, thermogenesis and body mass in Eothenomys miletus during cold exposure and rewarming

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Wan-long ◽  
Cai Jin-hong ◽  
Lian Xiao ◽  
Wang Zheng-kun
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Body Mass Regulation ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Eothenomys Miletus

Environmental cues play important roles in the regulation of an animal’s physiology and behavior. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that ambient temperature was a cue to induce adjustments in body mass, energy intake and thermogenic capacity, associated with changes in serum leptin levels inEothenomys miletus. We found thatE. miletusincreased resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy intake and decreased body mass when exposed to cold while it showed a significant increase in body mass after rewarming. The increase in body mass after rewarming was associated with the higher energy intake compared with the control. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) content in brown adipose tissue (BAT) increased in the cold and reversed after rewarming. Serum leptin levels decreased in the cold while increased after rewarming, associated with the opposite changes in energy intake. Further, serum leptin levels were positively correlated with body mass and body fat mass. Together, these data supported our hypothesis that ambient temperature was a cue to induce changes in body mass and metabolism. Serum leptin, as a starvation signal in the cold and satiety signal in rewarming, was involved in the processes of thermogenesis and body mass regulation inE. miletus.

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