Brain and body temperature homeostasis during sodium pentobarbital anesthesia with and without body warming in rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
E KIYATKIN ◽  
P BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Temperature Homeostasis ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital Anesthesia

Microvascular Oxygen Delivery and Interstitial Oxygenation during Sodium Pentobarbital Anesthesia

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Kerger ◽  
Darin J. Saltzman ◽  
Armando Gonzales ◽  
Amy G. Tsai ◽  
Klaus van Ackern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Interstitial Oxygen ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital Anesthesia

Background Anesthesia may represent a considerable bias in experimental medicine, particularly in conditions of stress (such as hemorrhage). Sodium pentobarbital (PB), widely used for cardiovascular investigations, may impair oxygen delivery by hemodynamic and respiratory depression. The critical issue, however, is whether the microcirculation can still maintain tissue oxygenation during anesthesia. To answer this question, the authors studied the effect of PB anesthesia on subcutaneous microvascular oxygen delivery and interstitial oxygenation in Syrian golden hamsters. Methods Sodium pentobarbital anesthesia was induced by intravenous injection (30 mg/kg body weight) and maintained by a 15-min infusion (2 mg.kg-1.min-1), with animals breathing spontaneously (PB-S) or ventilated with air (PB-V). Systemic parameters evaluated were mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, cardiac index (CI), arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), base excess, and pH. Microvascular and interstitial oxygen tension (PO2), vessel diameter, red blood cell velocity (vRBC), and blood flow (Qb) were measured in a dorsal skinfold preparation. Microcirculatory PO2 values were determined by phosphorescence decay. Results Sodium pentobarbital anesthesia significantly decreased CI, MAP, vRBC, and Qb. During PB infusion, PaO2 values were 56 +/- 12.8 mmHg (PB-S) and 115.9 +/- 14.6 mmHg (PB-V) compared with 69.4 +/- 18.2 mmHg and 61.4 +/- 12.6 mmHg at baseline. However, microvascular PO2 was reduced by 25-55% in both groups, resulting in an interstitial PO2 decrease from 23.9 +/- 5.6 mmHg (control) to 13.1 +/- 9.1 mmHg (PB-S) and 15.2 +/- 7 mmHg (PB-V). Microcirculatory PO2 values were restored 30 min after PB infusion, even though hemodynamic depression and a light anesthetic plane were maintained. Conclusions Sodium pentobarbital anesthesia caused impairment of microvascular oxygen delivery and interstitial oxygenation, effects that were not prevented by mechanical ventilation. Although these effects were restricted to deep anesthetic planes, prolonged hemodynamic depression suggests that caution is warranted when using PB as an anesthetic in cardiovascular investigations.

Assessing the pressure at zero flow in canine epigastric skin flaps

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard M. Clarke ◽  
Nancy H. McKee
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Critical Closing Pressure ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Blood Flowmetry ◽  
Closing Pressure ◽  
Zero Flow ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital Anesthesia

The pressure at zero flow was examined using three independent techniques in island epigastric skin flaps in dogs under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. (i) The flap was perfused from a reservoir which was varied in height to supply a range of pressures. The corresponding flows were measured by electromagnetic blood flowmetry and the pressure at zero flow was determined by extrapolation to zero flow. (ii) Arterial inflows as low as 2.2 μL/min were delivered by a Harvard pump and corresponding pressures were measured. The pressure at zero flow was determined by inspection. (iii) The artery supplying the flap was occluded with a microclip and the plateau following the decay of pressure was read as the pressure at zero flow. The pressure decay technique was the simplest, most reproducible method and was verified by the other two methods. It gave a pressure at zero flow of 5.8 ± 0.4 mmHg (0.77 ± 0.05 kPa). The critical closing pressure is discussed and related to the pressure at zero flow.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DOSE AND RESPONSE IN POSTHISTAMINIC PLASMA PEPSINOGEN IN DOGS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kowalewski ◽  
S. T. Norvell Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Histamine Dihydrochloride ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Antihistaminic Drug ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Nembutal Anesthesia

The effect of various doses of histamine dihydrochloride on the plasma pepsinogen in dogs was investigated. The animals were studied in acute experiments under sodium pentobarbital (Nembutal) anesthesia. They were protected against the systemic effects of histamine by the antihistaminic drug promethazine HCl (Phenergan). Sodium pentobarbital anesthesia alone or anesthesia and antihistaminic drug together did not result in the rise of plasma pepsinogen. Plasma pepsinogen was increased in the dogs treated with histamine and the degree of elevation of this enzyme varied directly according to the dose of histamine administered.

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