Directed transport properties of double-headed molecular motors with balanced cargo

2019 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
pp. 270-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng Lin ◽  
Huiqi Wang ◽  
Hong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Directed Transport

scholarly journals COOPERATIVE TRANSPORT BY SMALL TEAMS OF MOLECULAR MOTORS

2006 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFAN KLUMPP ◽  
MELANIE J. I. MÜLLER ◽  
REINHARD LIPOWSKY
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Single Motor ◽  
Directed Transport ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Cooperative Transport

Molecular motors power directed transport of cargoes within cells. Even if a single motor is sufficient to transport a cargo, motors often cooperate in small teams. We discuss the cooperative cargo transport by several motors theoretically and explore some of its properties. In particular we emphasize how motor teams can drag cargoes through a viscous environment.

scholarly journals Cooperative and Synchronized Rotation in Motorized Porous Frameworks: Impact on Local and Global Transport Properties of Confined Fluids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack D. Evans ◽  
Simon Krause ◽  
Ben L. Feringa
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Molecular Motor ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Intramolecular Dynamics ◽  
Directed Diffusion ◽  
Framework Materials ◽  
Global Transport ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Liquid States

<div>Molecules in gas and liquid states, as well as in solution, exhibit significant and random Brownian motion. Molecules in the solid-state, although strongly immobilized, can still exhibit significant intramolecular dynamics. However, in most framework materials, these intramolecular dynamics are driven by temperature, and therefore are neither controlled nor spatially or temporarily aligned. In recent years, several examples of molecular machines that allow for a stimuli-responsive control of dynamical motion, such as rotation, have been reported.</div><div><br></div><div>In this contribution, we investigate the local and global properties of a Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid surrounding a molecular motor and consider the influence of cooperative and non-directional rotation for a molecular motor-containing pore system. This study uses classical molecular dynamics simulations to describe a minimal model, which was developed to resemble known molecular motors. The properties of an LJ liquid surrounding an isolated molecular mo-tor remain mostly unaffected by the introduced rotation. We then considered an arrangement of motors within a one-dimensional pore. Changes in diffusivity for pore sizes approaching the length of the rotor were observed, resulting from rotation of the motors. We also considered the influence of cooperative motor directionality on the directional transport properties of this con-fined fluid. Importantly, we discovered that specific unidirectional rotation of altitudinal motors can produce directed diffusion.</div><div><br></div><div>This study provides an essential insight into molecular machine-containing frameworks, highlighting the specific structural arrangements that can produce directional mass transport.</div>

scholarly journals Cooperative and synchronized rotation in motorized porous frameworks: impact on local and global transport properties of confined fluids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack D. Evans ◽  
Simon Krause ◽  
Ben L. Feringa
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Specific Rotation ◽  
Confined Fluids ◽  
Directed Diffusion ◽  
Global Transport

Simulations reveal the influence of rotating molecular motors and the importance of orientation and directionality for altering the transport properties of fluids. This has outlined that motors with specific rotation can generate directed diffusion.

scholarly journals Cooperatively enhanced reactivity and “stabilitaxis” of dissociating oligomeric proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (22) ◽  
pp. 11894-11900
Author(s):  
Jaime Agudo-Canalejo ◽  
Pierre Illien ◽  
Ramin Golestanian
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Oligomeric Proteins ◽  
Enhanced Diffusion ◽  
Spatial Gradients ◽  
Oligomeric Form ◽  
Functional Advantage ◽  
Functional Units ◽  
Independent Association

Many functional units in biology, such as enzymes or molecular motors, are composed of several subunits that can reversibly assemble and disassemble. This includes oligomeric proteins composed of several smaller monomers, as well as protein complexes assembled from a few proteins. By studying the generic spatial transport properties of such proteins, we investigate here whether their ability to reversibly associate and dissociate may confer on them a functional advantage with respect to nondissociating proteins. In uniform environments with position-independent association–dissociation, we find that enhanced diffusion in the monomeric state coupled to reassociation into the functional oligomeric form leads to enhanced reactivity with localized targets. In nonuniform environments with position-dependent association–dissociation, caused by, for example, spatial gradients of an inhibiting chemical, we find that dissociating proteins generically tend to accumulate in regions where they are most stable, a process that we term “stabilitaxis.”

scholarly journals Peroxisomes, lipid droplets, and endoplasmic reticulum “hitchhike” on motile early endosomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 211 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia C. Guimaraes ◽  
Martin Schuster ◽  
Ewa Bielska ◽  
Gulay Dagdas ◽  
Sreedhar Kilaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Model System ◽  
Directed Transport ◽  
Intracellular Movement ◽  
Early Endosomes ◽  
Dependent Transport ◽  
First Time

Intracellular transport is mediated by molecular motors that bind cargo to be transported along the cytoskeleton. Here, we report, for the first time, that peroxisomes (POs), lipid droplets (LDs), and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) rely on early endosomes (EEs) for intracellular movement in a fungal model system. We show that POs undergo kinesin-3– and dynein-dependent transport along microtubules. Surprisingly, kinesin-3 does not colocalize with POs. Instead, the motor moves EEs that drag the POs through the cell. PO motility is abolished when EE motility is blocked in various mutants. Most LD and ER motility also depends on EE motility, whereas mitochondria move independently of EEs. Covisualization studies show that EE-mediated ER motility is not required for PO or LD movement, suggesting that the organelles interact with EEs independently. In the absence of EE motility, POs and LDs cluster at the growing tip, whereas ER is partially retracted to subapical regions. Collectively, our results show that moving EEs interact transiently with other organelles, thereby mediating their directed transport and distribution in the cell.

scholarly journals Expression of Phosphatidylinositol (4,5) Bisphosphate–specific Pleckstrin Homology Domains Alters Direction But Not the Level of Axonal Transport of Mitochondria

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 3636-3649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt J. De Vos ◽  
Julia Sable ◽  
Kyle E. Miller ◽  
Michael P. Sheetz
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Transport ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Pleckstrin Homology ◽  
Mitochondrial Transport ◽  
Directed Transport ◽  
Ph Domains ◽  
Molecular Machinery ◽  
Mitochondrial Distribution ◽  
And Function

Axonal transport of membranous organelles such as mitochondria is essential for neuron viability and function. How signaling mechanisms regulate or influence mitochondrial distribution and transport is still largely unknown. We observed an increase in the distal distribution of mitochondria in neurons upon the expression of pleckstrin homology (PH) domains of phospholipase Cδ1 (PLCδ-PH) and spectrin (spectrin-PH). Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial transport showed that specific binding of PH domains to phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) but not 3′ phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol species enhanced plus-end–directed transport of mitochondria two- to threefold and at the same time decreased minus-end–directed transport of mitochondria along axonal microtubules (MTs) without altering the overall level of motility. Further, the velocity and duration of mitochondrial transport plus the association of molecular motors with mitochondria remained unchanged by the expression of PH domains. Thus, PtdIns(4,5)P2-specific PH domains caused an increase in distal mitochondria by disturbing the balance of plus- and minus-end–directed transport rather than directly affecting the molecular machinery involved. Taken together our data reveal that level and directionality of transport are separable and that PtdIns(4,5)P2 has a novel role in regulation of the directionality of axonal transport of mitochondria.

scholarly journals Active cargo positioning in antiparallel transport networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (30) ◽  
pp. 14835-14842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Richard ◽  
Carles Blanch-Mercader ◽  
Hajer Ennomani ◽  
Wenxiang Cao ◽  
Enrique M. De La Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Biased Random Walk ◽  
Cargo Transport ◽  
Stochastic Transport ◽  
Mixed Polarity ◽  
Myosin Va

Cytoskeletal filaments assemble into dense parallel, antiparallel, or disordered networks, providing a complex environment for active cargo transport and positioning by molecular motors. The interplay between the network architecture and intrinsic motor properties clearly affects transport properties but remains poorly understood. Here, by using surface micropatterns of actin polymerization, we investigate stochastic transport properties of colloidal beads in antiparallel networks of overlapping actin filaments. We found that 200-nm beads coated with myosin Va motors displayed directed movements toward positions where the net polarity of the actin network vanished, accumulating there. The bead distribution was dictated by the spatial profiles of local bead velocity and diffusion coefficient, indicating that a diffusion-drift process was at work. Remarkably, beads coated with heavy–mero-myosin II motors showed a similar behavior. However, although velocity gradients were steeper with myosin II, the much larger bead diffusion observed with this motor resulted in less precise positioning. Our observations are well described by a 3-state model, in which active beads locally sense the net polarity of the network by frequently detaching from and reattaching to the filaments. A stochastic sequence of processive runs and diffusive searches results in a biased random walk. The precision of bead positioning is set by the gradient of net actin polarity in the network and by the run length of the cargo in an attached state. Our results unveiled physical rules for cargo transport and positioning in networks of mixed polarity.

scholarly journals Cooperative and Synchronized Rotation in Motorized Porous Frameworks: Impact on Local and Global Transport Properties of Confined Fluids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack D. Evans ◽  
Simon Krause ◽  
Ben L. Feringa
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Molecular Motor ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Intramolecular Dynamics ◽  
Directed Diffusion ◽  
Framework Materials ◽  
Global Transport ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Liquid States

<div>Molecules in gas and liquid states, as well as in solution, exhibit significant and random Brownian motion. Molecules in the solid-state, although strongly immobilized, can still exhibit significant intramolecular dynamics. However, in most framework materials, these intramolecular dynamics are driven by temperature, and therefore are neither controlled nor spatially or temporarily aligned. In recent years, several examples of molecular machines that allow for a stimuli-responsive control of dynamical motion, such as rotation, have been reported.</div><div><br></div><div>In this contribution, we investigate the local and global properties of a Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid surrounding a molecular motor and consider the influence of cooperative and non-directional rotation for a molecular motor-containing pore system. This study uses classical molecular dynamics simulations to describe a minimal model, which was developed to resemble known molecular motors. The properties of an LJ liquid surrounding an isolated molecular mo-tor remain mostly unaffected by the introduced rotation. We then considered an arrangement of motors within a one-dimensional pore. Changes in diffusivity for pore sizes approaching the length of the rotor were observed, resulting from rotation of the motors. We also considered the influence of cooperative motor directionality on the directional transport properties of this con-fined fluid. Importantly, we discovered that specific unidirectional rotation of altitudinal motors can produce directed diffusion.</div><div><br></div><div>This study provides an essential insight into molecular machine-containing frameworks, highlighting the specific structural arrangements that can produce directional mass transport.</div>

Vibration Induced Directed Transport of Particles

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Viswarupachari ◽  
Anirvan DasGupta ◽  
S. Pratik Khastgir
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Transport Process ◽  
Viscous Friction ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Temporal Asymmetry ◽  
Directed Transport ◽  
Plate Vibrations ◽  
Spatial Asymmetry ◽  
Frictional Interaction ◽  
Input Motion

This paper reports a study on directed transport of a particle over a flat horizontal rigid plate vibrating asymmetrically in its plane. A friction model with both dry and viscous friction terms has been considered. Nonlinear frictional interaction between the particle and the plate, and asymmetry in the vibrations of the plate are essential for the transport process. Two kinds of asymmetry, namely spatial asymmetry, and temporal asymmetry in the plate vibrations have been considered. The mechanism of transport and the transport properties for both kinds of input motion have been clearly brought out. Three nondimensional parameters are found to characterize the transport properties. Two energy metrics have been defined to study and understand the efficiency of the transport process.

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