The impact of lotteries on cooperation in the public goods game

2018 ◽  
Vol 512 ◽  
pp. 925-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Yang ◽  
Tong Chen ◽  
Qiao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

HETEROGENEOUS ASPIRATIONS PROMOTE COOPERATION IN THE PUBLIC GOODS GAME

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250089 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEI SUN ◽  
HAN-XIN YANG ◽  
SHAO-MIN CHEN ◽  
YA-SHAN CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
The Public ◽  
Structured Population ◽  
Cooperation Level ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Influence Of Noise

We study the impact of heterogeneous aspirations on the spatial public goods game (PGG) in a square lattice. An aspiration parameter u is introduced to decide who will be more probably to become the potential strategy source in structured population. Individuals are divided into two groups A(u > 0) and B(u = 0) by fraction v and 1 - v. We study how u and v affect cooperation in the PGG. For low values of u, the cooperation level monotonously increases as v increases. However, for large values of u, there exist an intermediate v ≈ 0.5 for which cooperation thrives best. The influence of noise is also investigated. We find that the highest threshold of phase transition is reached at the middle value of noise.

scholarly journals Punishment Strategies across Societies: Conventional Wisdoms Reconsidered

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ramzi Suleiman ◽  
Yuval Samid
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
The Public ◽  
Free Riders ◽  
The World ◽  
Emergence Of Cooperation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost

Experiments using the public goods game have repeatedly shown that in cooperative social environments, punishment makes cooperation flourish, and withholding punishment makes cooperation collapse. In less cooperative social environments, where antisocial punishment has been detected, punishment was detrimental to cooperation. The success of punishment in enhancing cooperation was explained as deterrence of free riders by cooperative strong reciprocators, who were willing to pay the cost of punishing them, whereas in environments in which punishment diminished cooperation, antisocial punishment was explained as revenge by low cooperators against high cooperators suspected of punishing them in previous rounds. The present paper reconsiders the generality of both explanations. Using data from a public goods experiment with punishment, conducted by the authors on Israeli subjects (Study 1), and from a study published in Science using sixteen participant pools from cities around the world (Study 2), we found that: 1. The effect of punishment on the emergence of cooperation was mainly due to contributors increasing their cooperation, rather than from free riders being deterred. 2. Participants adhered to different contribution and punishment strategies. Some cooperated and did not punish (‘cooperators’); others cooperated and punished free riders (‘strong reciprocators’); a third subgroup punished upward and downward relative to their own contribution (‘norm-keepers’); and a small sub-group punished only cooperators (‘antisocial punishers’). 3. Clear societal differences emerged in the mix of the four participant types, with high-contributing pools characterized by higher ratios of ‘strong reciprocators’, and ‘cooperators’, and low-contributing pools characterized by a higher ratio of ‘norm keepers’. 4. The fraction of ‘strong reciprocators’ out of the total punishers emerged as a strong predictor of the groups’ level of cooperation and success in providing the public goods.

scholarly journals Cooperation and competition between pair and multi-player social games in spatial populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Szolnoki ◽  
Xiaojie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Evolutionary Game Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Pair Interaction ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
Point Interactions ◽  
Social Games ◽  
The Public ◽  
Specific Parameter ◽  
Group Members

AbstractThe conflict between individual and collective interests is in the heart of every social dilemmas established by evolutionary game theory. We cannot avoid these conflicts but sometimes we may choose which interaction framework to use as a battlefield. For instance some people like to be part of a larger group while other persons prefer to interact in a more personalized, individual way. Both attitudes can be formulated via appropriately chosen traditional games. In particular, the prisoner’s dilemma game is based on pair interaction while the public goods game represents multi-point interactions of group members. To reveal the possible advantage of a certain attitude we extend these models by allowing players not simply to change their strategies but also let them to vary their attitudes for a higher individual income. We show that both attitudes could be the winner at a specific parameter value. Interestingly, however, the subtle interplay between different states may result in a counterintuitive evolutionary outcome where the increase of the multiplication factor of public goods game drives the population to a fully defector state. We point out that the accompanying pattern formation can only be understood via the multipoint or multi-player interactions of different microscopic states where the vicinity of a particular state may influence the relation of two other competitors.

scholarly journals CLASSROOM EXPERIMENT AS A TEACHING METHOD IN NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS COURSE EKSPERIMEN KELAS SEBAGAI METODE PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MATA AJAR EKONOMI SUMBER DAYA ALAM DAN LINGKUNGAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
ALIN HALIMATUSSADIAH
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Common Pool Resource ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Classroom Experiment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rules Of The Game

The use of classroom experiment as teaching method in economic courses is increasing overtime. However, it is not widely used in developing world. In the experiment, students can learn using their own experience how economic agents behave and how they make decisions in a certain situation setting. This paper aims to describe the advantage of the method, practical issues in conducting classroom experiment, and examples of two classrooms experimental games in natural resource and environmental economics course: a public goods game and a CPR (common pool resource) game. In the games we introduce different rules of the game to give an understanding the impact of different rules of the game to the result of the game. We also discussed the relation between individual characteristics and his/her decision in the game.   Keywords: classroom experiment, public goods game, CPR (common-pool resource) game, natural resource and environmental economics

Team competition and the public goods game

2007 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan H.W. Tan ◽  
Friedel Bolle
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals Heterogeneous groups cooperate in public good problems despite normative disagreements about individual contribution levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper Otten ◽  
Vincent Buskens ◽  
Wojtek Przepiorka ◽  
Naomi Ellemers
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Individual Contribution ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Heterogeneous Groups ◽  
Good Provision ◽  
Good Individual

Abstract Norms can promote human cooperation to provide public goods. Yet, the potential of norms to promote cooperation may be limited to homogeneous groups in which all members benefit equally from the public good. Individual heterogeneity in the benefits of public good provision is commonly conjectured to bring about normative disagreements that harm cooperation. However, the role of these normative disagreements remains unclear because they are rarely directly measured or manipulated. In a laboratory experiment, we first measure participants’ views on the appropriate way to contribute to a public good with heterogeneous returns. We then use this information to sort people into groups that either agree or disagree on these views, thereby manipulating group-level disagreement on normative views. Participants subsequently make several incentivized contribution decisions in a public goods game with peer punishment. We find that although there are considerable disagreements about individual contribution levels in heterogeneous groups, these disagreements do not impede cooperation. While cooperation is maintained because low contributors are punished, participants do not use punishment to impose their normative views on others. The contribution levels at which groups cooperate strongly relate to the average normative views of these groups.

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