The effect of initial spatial correlations on late time kinetics of bimolecular irreversible reactions

2012 ◽  
Vol 391 (20) ◽  
pp. 4654-4660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Paster ◽  
Diogo Bolster
Keyword(s):  
Late Time ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Late-time theory for the effects of a conserved field on the kinetics of an order-disorder transition

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (13) ◽  
pp. 6673-6688 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Elder ◽  
B. Morin ◽  
Martin Grant ◽  
R. C. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Late Time ◽  
Disorder Transition ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Time Theory

Effect of Stationary Particles on the Phase Separation of Binary Fluids

2001 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Suppa ◽  
Olga Kuksenok ◽  
Anna C. Balazs ◽  
J.M. Yeomans
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann Model ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Binary Fluids ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
Boltzmann Model ◽  
Fluid Interaction ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTPhase separating binary fluids with the addition of immobile particles, which act as osmotic force centres, were simulated using a Lattice Boltzmann model in two dimensions. In the hydrodynamic over-damped limit, where the flow is entirely driven by capillary effects, the presence of particles that are preferentially wetted by one of the fluid components significantly affects the kinetics of the growth of the fluid domains. The late time dynamics is governed by the wetting interactions and the final size of the domains can be tailored by varying the strength of the particles-fluid interaction as well as the particles concentration. These features are predicted within a simple theoretical model and are amenable of experimental checks.

scholarly journals Mathematical Simulation of Transport Kinetics of Tumor-Imaging Radiopharmaceutical99mTc-MIBI

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Shevtsova ◽  
V. K. Shevtsova
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Washout Rate ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Time Point

The proposed model describes in a quality way the process of tumor-imaging radiopharmaceuticalTc99m-MIBI distribution with taking into account radiopharmaceutical accumulation, elimination, and radioactive decay. The dependencies of concentration versus the time are analyzed. The model can be easily tested by the concentration data of the radioactive pharmaceuticals in the blood measured at early time point and late time point of the scanning, and the obtained data can be used for determination of the washout rate coefficient which is one of the existing oncology diagnostics methods.

scholarly journals Coalescence of sessile drops

2002 ◽  
Vol 453 ◽  
pp. 427-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ANDRIEU ◽  
D. A. BEYSENS ◽  
V. S. NIKOLAYEV ◽  
Y. POMEAU
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Characteristic Relaxation Time ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Spherical Cap ◽  
Water Drops ◽  
Exponential Relaxation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Latent Heat Of Vaporization

We present an experimental and theoretical description of the kinetics of coalescence of two water drops on a plane solid surface. The case of partial wetting is considered. The drops are in an atmosphere of nitrogen saturated with water where they grow by condensation and eventually touch each other and coalesce. A new convex composite drop is rapidly formed that then exponentially and slowly relaxes to an equilibrium hemispherical cap. The characteristic relaxation time is proportional to the drop radius R* at final equilibrium. This relaxation time appears to be nearly 107 times larger than the bulk capillary relaxation time tb = R*η/σ, where σ is the gas–liquid surface tension and η is the liquid shear viscosity.In order to explain this extremely large relaxation time, we consider a model that involves an Arrhenius kinetic factor resulting from a liquid–vapour phase change in the vicinity of the contact line. The model results in a large relaxation time of order tb exp(L/[Rscr ]T) where L is the molar latent heat of vaporization, [Rscr ] is the gas constant and T is the temperature. We model the late time relaxation for a near spherical cap and find an exponential relaxation whose typical time scale agrees reasonably well with the experiment.

Kinetics of an Order-Disorder Transition in the Presence of Elastic Energies

1990 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Elder ◽  
B. Morin ◽  
M. Grant ◽  
R. C. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Structure Factor ◽  
Arbitrary Dimension ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Domain Size ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Model C ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractAn approximate late time solution to the dynamics of phase separation for a nonconserved ordering order parameter (ø) coupled to a stable conserved field (c) is presented. In the Halperin Hohenberg(1) classification scheme this model is known as Model C with a symmetric coupling between nonconserved and conserved fields. The different time dependences of long (i.e., domain size lengths ∼ power law in time) and short wavelength (i.e., interfacial lengths ∼ exponential decay in time) fluctuations imply a simple relationship between the two fields. In essence ø controls the growth of the long wavelength fluctuations, and c modifies the interfacial profile. Asymptotically the dynamic structure factor (Sø(k,t)≡<Ø(k,t)Ø*(k,t)>) for the nonconserved field is shown to scale in the form Sø(k,t) = tdnfø(ktn), with n = 1/2. Similarly the structure factor for the conserved field (Sc(k,t)) is shown to obey the scaling law Sc(k,t) = tdn−1fc(ktn), with n = 1/2. Explicit expressions for the scaling functions fc(z) and fø(z) are presented for arbitrary dimension. These predictions can be tested through scattering experiments.

scholarly journals Delayed Kinetics of IgG, but not IgA, Anti-spike Antibodies in Transplant Recipients following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
pp. ASN.2021040573
Author(s):  
Paolo Cravedi ◽  
Patrick Ahearn ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Tanuja Yalamarti ◽  
Susan Hartzell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kinetics Of

Background: Kidney organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of severe outcomes during COVID-19. Antibodies directed against the virus are thought to offer protection, but a thorough characterization of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune globulin isotypes in kidney transplant recipients following SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been reported. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 49 kidney transplant recipients and 42 immunocompetent controls at early (≤14 days) or late (>14 days) time points after documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using a validated semi-quantitative Luminex-based multiplex assay, we determined IgM, IgG, IgG1-4 and IgA antibodies against 5 distinct viral epitopes. Results: Kidney transplant recipients showed lower levels of total IgG anti-trimeric spike (S), S1, S2, and receptor-binding domain (RBD), but not nucleocapsid (NC) at early versus late time points after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Early levels of IgG anti-spike protein epitopes were also lower than in immunocompetent controls. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were predominantly IgG1 and IgG3 with modest class switching to IgG2 or IgG4 in either cohort. Later levels of IgG anti-Spike, S1, S2, RBD and NC were not significantly different between cohorts. There was no significant difference in the kinetics of either IgM or IgA anti-Spike, S1, RBD or S2 based on timing after diagnosis or transplant status. Conclusions: Kidney transplant recipients mount early anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgM responses while IgG responses are delayed compared to immunocompetent individuals. These findings might explain the poor outcomes in transplant recipients with COVID-19.

Direct observations of radiation-enhanced transformations in glass

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
J. F. DeNatale ◽  
D. G. Howitt
Keyword(s):  
Glass Matrix ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Silicate Glasses ◽  
Phase Decomposition ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Oxygen Bubble ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Kinetics Of

The electron irradiation of silicate glasses containing metal cations produces various types of phase separation and decomposition which includes oxygen bubble formation at intermediate temperatures figure I. The kinetics of bubble formation are too rapid to be accounted for by oxygen diffusion but the behavior is consistent with a cation diffusion mechanism if the amount of oxygen in the bubble is not significantly different from that in the same volume of silicate glass. The formation of oxygen bubbles is often accompanied by precipitation of crystalline phases and/or amorphous phase decomposition in the regions between the bubbles and the detection of differences in oxygen concentration between the bubble and matrix by electron energy loss spectroscopy cannot be discerned (figure 2) even when the bubble occupies the majority of the foil depth.The oxygen bubbles are stable, even in the thin foils, months after irradiation and if van der Waals behavior of the interior gas is assumed an oxygen pressure of about 4000 atmospheres must be sustained for a 100 bubble if the surface tension with the glass matrix is to balance against it at intermediate temperatures.

Irradiation behavior of pyrolytic silicon carbide

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
R. J. Lauf
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Thermodynamics And Kinetics ◽  
Neutron Fluences ◽  
Fuel Particles ◽  
Sic Coatings ◽  
Irradiation Behavior ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Htgr Fuel

Fuel particles for the High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) contain a layer of pyrolytic silicon carbide to act as a miniature pressure vessel and primary fission product barrier. Optimization of the SiC with respect to fuel performance involves four areas of study: (a) characterization of as-deposited SiC coatings; (b) thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions between SiC and fission products; (c) irradiation behavior of SiC in the absence of fission products; and (d) combined effects of irradiation and fission products. This paper reports the behavior of SiC deposited on inert microspheres and irradiated to fast neutron fluences typical of HTGR fuel at end-of-life.

The Ordered Phase Formation in Ti-Al-Ga Alloys

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
Shiro Fujishiro ◽  
Harold L. Gegel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Alpha Titanium ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Ordered-alpha titanium alloys having a DO19 type structure have good potential for high temperature (600°C) applications, due to the thermal stability of the ordered phase and the inherent resistance to recrystallization of these alloys. Five different Ti-Al-Ga alloys consisting of equal atomic percents of aluminum and gallium solute additions up to the stoichiometric composition, Ti3(Al, Ga), were used to study the growth kinetics of the ordered phase and the nature of its interface.The alloys were homogenized in the beta region in a vacuum of about 5×10-7 torr, furnace cooled; reheated in air to 50°C below the alpha transus for hot working. The alloys were subsequently acid cleaned, annealed in vacuo, and cold rolled to about. 050 inch prior to additional homogenization

Ion Beam Induced Interfacial Reactions in Molybdenum Thin Films on Silicon

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
L. J. Chen ◽  
L. S. Hung ◽  
J. W. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Interfacial Reactions ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposited ◽  
Atomic Mixing ◽  
Silicon Interface ◽  
Kinetics Of

When an energetic ion penetrates through an interface between a thin film (of species A) and a substrate (of species B), ion induced atomic mixing may result in an intermixed region (which contains A and B) near the interface. Most ion beam mixing experiments have been directed toward metal-silicon systems, silicide phases are generally obtained, and they are the same as those formed by thermal treatment.Recent emergence of silicide compound as contact material in silicon microelectronic devices is mainly due to the superiority of the silicide-silicon interface in terms of uniformity and thermal stability. It is of great interest to understand the kinetics of the interfacial reactions to provide insights into the nature of ion beam-solid interactions as well as to explore its practical applications in device technology.About 500 Å thick molybdenum was chemical vapor deposited in hydrogen ambient on (001) n-type silicon wafer with substrate temperature maintained at 650-700°C. Samples were supplied by D. M. Brown of General Electric Research & Development Laboratory, Schenectady, NY.

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